Impacts of the French and Industrial Revolutions Essay

Effects of the French and Industrial Revolutions - Essay Example Prior to the Revolution, numerous European nations and pioneers thought of majority rule government as an unworkable political framework. All things considered, the impression of the political framework that was participatory and well known just started to come to fruition in Europe after the approach of the French Revolution (Western Civilization, 2012).The French upset likewise achieved strict resistance. Prior to the French insurgency, there were a few examples of strict fights and strains among Christians and Muslims. This is on the grounds that Islam was not given a lot of acknowledgment. In any case, this changed following the French upheaval where various religions began getting acknowledgment across Europe (Western Civilization, 2012).â The effect of the French unrest on governmental issues could likewise be found in that it caused patriotism and the possibility of one nationality in one nation. This philosophy later brought about the improvement of new displaced people, kn own as political exiles. This enabled the legislature to have more noteworthy effect on individuals in Europe. Olwen (1992) calls attention to that the French Revolution was major in making the commitment of the administration fundamental to political undertakings. In such manner, he uncovers that the state turned into the all-all inclusive intensity of countries in lost cases. To demonstrate his contention, he records a few European countries which experienced equitable emergencies before turning out to be tyrannical states. A portion of these incorporate the Soviet Union, Italy, Hungary, Albania, Turkey, Portugal, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, Hungary, Australia.... Students of history contend that before the French transformation, there were a few human rights infringement as individuals were precluded the opportunity from claiming development and discourse. These were just took into account people with great influence. The French Revolution made an impression of all inclusive human rights (Olwen, 1992). Prior to the Revolution, numerous European nations and pioneers thought of majority rules system as an unworkable political framework. All things considered, the impression of the political framework that was participatory and famous just started to come to fruition in Europe after the coming of the French Revolution (Western Civilization, 2012). The French transformation additionally realized strict resistance. Prior to the French upheaval, there were a few cases of strict quarrels and pressures among Christians and Muslims. This is on the grounds that Islam was not given a lot of acknowledgment. Be that as it may, this changed following the F rench insurgency where various religions began getting acknowledgment across Europe (Western Civilization, 2012). The effect of the French upset on legislative issues could likewise be found in that it caused patriotism and the possibility of one nationality in one nation. This belief system later brought about the advancement of new exiles, known as political displaced people. This enabled the legislature to have more noteworthy impact on individuals in Europe. Olwen (1992) calls attention to that the French Revolution was crucial in making the commitment of the administration key to political issues. In such manner, he uncovers that the state turned into the all-widespread intensity of countries in lost cases. To demonstrate his contention, he records a few European countries which experienced law based emergencies before turning out to be tyrannical states. A portion of these incorporate the Soviet Union, Italy, Hungary, Albania, Turkey, Portugal,

History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment Research

History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment Research An Early Victory A couple of entryways from Freireichs office at the NCI, Min Chiu Li and Roy Hertz had been considering choriocarcinoma, a malignant growth of the placenta, which frequently metastasizes quickly into the lung and the cerebrum. Choriocarcinoma cells emit a hormone called choriogonadotropin. The degree of that hormone, additionally called the hcg level, was utilized by Li to follow the course of the malignant growth as it reacted to the treatment. In 1956, a young lady called Ethel Longoria experienced choriocarcinoma that had metastasized to her lungs. Her tumors had started to seep into the linings of her lungs. Li and Hertz settled her and afterward treated her with methotrexate. After the primary portion, when the specialists left for the evening, they didnt expect that theyd discover her in adjusts the following morning. Be that as it may, she was alive. After four rounds of treatments, her tumor vanished; the chest X-beam improved; and the hcg level quickly plunged toward zero. The tumors had really evaporated with chemotherapy. The difficulty was the hcg level had not gone right to zero. Despite the fact that the tumor appeared to have disappeared, Li kept on treating her with chemotherapy dependent on her raised hCG levels. The NCI organization objected, feeling that Li was probing his patients, and terminated him in July 1957. In any case, Li was at last demonstrated to be correct. Those patients whose chemotherapy were halted once the noticeable tumors vanished unavoidably backslid, while the individuals who proceeded with the treatment until their hcg levels had gone to zero were restored. Li had unearthed a basic rule of oncology: Cancer should have been fundamentally treated long after each obvious indication of it had evaporated. Mice and Men Adding vincristine to the weapons store of chemotherapy drugs had placed the specialists at the NCI stuck a scrape. It would take always for the consortium to complete its preliminaries in light of the huge number of stages and mixes of medications should have been tried. Howard Skipper, a researcher from Alabama, gave Frei and Freireich an exit from the stalemate. Captain, who considered himself a mouse specialist, was a pariah to the NCI. He had tried chemotherapy sedates in mice with leukemia, lymphomas and strong tumors as models for human malignancies and thought of two vital discoveries: Chemotherapy slaughters a fixed level of malignant growth cells per treatment. The patients would should be dealt with numerous occasions to get the aggravated iterative impact; and Chemotherapy drugs are progressively powerful when given in mix to upgrade disease murdering limit while limiting medication opposition and symptoms. Freireich and Frei were presently prepared to handle a four-tranquilize routine known as VAMP, with each letter representing one medication. VAMP When Frei and Freireich introduced their starter plan for VAMP to the Acute Leukemia Group B (ALGB) at a national gathering on blood malignant growths, the crowd dithered. The gathering would not support VAMP until the numerous different preliminaries had been finished. In any case, Frei Came up with a trade off: VAMP would be learned at the NCI, outside the domain of the ALGB. The VAMP preliminary was propelled in 1961. Toward the finish of three seriously difficult weeks, the leukemia cells went into abatement. The reductions continued for quite a long time, surpassing everyones desire at the NCI. Half a month later, the NCI sent another little associate of patients to attempt VAMP. By and by, after the underlying cataclysmic plunge, the leukemia disappeared. The reductions were dependable and solid. In the fall of 1963, a few youngsters disappearing returned to the center with minor neurological grievances, for example, cerebral pains, deadness, and seizures. To research the chance of malignant growth cells attacking the cerebrum, Frei and Freireich inspected the childrens spinal liquid, and affirmed that leukemia cells were colonizing the mind. The neurological grievances were early indications of a progressively genuine demolition. Inevitably all the kids returned with neurological grumblings went into unconsciousness. It was an outcome of the bodys own barrier framework. The blood-cerebrum obstruction had kept VAMP out of the focal sensory system, permitting the leukemia cells to colonize the one spot that is inaccessible by chemotherapy. Yet, not all youngsters had backslid and kicked the bucket. Around 5 percent of the treated kids never backslid with leukemia in the focal sensory system. They stayed disappearing for quite a long time or months, however for a considerable length of time. An Anatomists Tumor In 1832, an English anatomist named Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866) found an odd foundational malady among a progression of dead bodies. The malady was portrayed by an impossible to miss growth of lymph organs. He reviewed the instance of seven such bodies and introduced it to the Medical and Chirurgical Society. It was gotten with little eagerness. Not long after distributing his paper, Hodgkin float away from medication, and his anatomical examinations gradually stopped. Hodgkins malady is a disease of the lymph organs. The tumor moves starting with one adjoining hub then onto the next. It is a nearby sickness very nearly changing into a foundational one. In 1898, an Austrian pathologist named Carl Sternberg found the carcinogenic lymph cells when glancing through a magnifying instrument at a patients organs. Henry Kaplan, an educator of radiology at Stanford needed to utilize radiation to treat human malignant growths. He realized radiation could treat strong tumors could be treated with radiation, however the external shell of the disease should have been entered profound enough to execute malignant growth cells. A straight quickening agent (linac) with its sharp, thick shaft would be perfect for that reason. In 1953, he convinced Standford to tailor-make a linac for the clinic. With the linac in activity, Kaplan considered on his disease target. Since Linac could just concentrate on nearby destinations, his characteristic objective was Hodgkins malady, an anticipated neighborhood tumor. Kaplan needed to demonstrate that he could improve backslide free endurance by utilizing a strategy called broadened field radiation (EFR). Under EFR, the X-beams are conveyed to a whole zone of lymph notes as opposed to a solitary swollen hub. In 1962, Kaplan directed a preliminary. The outcome demonstrated that EFR had fundamentally decreased the backslide pace of Hodgkins infection. In 1964, he did another preliminary with a bigger field of radiation on a constrained partner of patients with tumors in only a couple of bordering lymph hubs. The outcome demonstrated considerably more prominent backslide free interims, loosening up into years. Wasnt the rationale of stretched out field radiation like radical medical procedure - cutting out bigger and bigger territories for treatment? For what reason did Kaplan succeed where others had fizzled? Kaplan was effective in light of the fact that he limited radiotherapy to patients with beginning period neighborhood malignant growths. Those are the common ailment for radiotherapy. Propelled stage malignant growths are intrinsically unique and would require different types of treatment. An Army on the March In 1963 at the NCI Clinical Center in Bethesda, a gathering of analysts, including Zubrod, George Canellos, Frei, Freireich, and Vincent DeVita were making a rundown of cytotoxic medications on one side of a board. On the opposite side was a rundown of new tumors they need to target bosom, ovarian, lymphomas, lung malignant growths. Interfacing between the two records were lines coordinating blends of medications to tumors. One inquiry that rung a bell was whether chemotherapy would ever fix patients with any propelled tumors. The best way to respond to that nonexclusive inquiry was to coordinate the developing armed force of medications against different tumors. They realized leukemia reacted to mix chemotherapy. On the off chance that another sort of malignancy additionally reacted to that methodology, at that point mix chemotherapy may fix all tumors. To test the rule, they concentrated on Hodgkins malady a malignant growth that was both strong and fluid, a venturing stone among leukemia and, state, bosom disease or lung malignant growth. Kaplan had demonstrated that radiation treatment can fix neighborhood types of Hodgkins illness. In the event that they could demonstrate that mix chemotherapy can fix metastatic Hodgkins infection, at that point the condition would be completely illuminated. In 1964, DeVita drove the trial of mix chemotherapy for metastatic Hodgkins sickness. He joined four medications nitrogen mustard, oncovin, prednisone, and procarbasine into a profoundly poisonous mixed drink called MOPP. The sickness that went with the treatment was annihilating. The poisonous mixed drink had debilitated the insusceptible framework permitting pneumocystis carinii (PCP), an uncommon type of pneumonia, to grow up. The treatment had caused changeless sterility in men and a few ladies. The consequence of the examination was amazing. Toward the finish of a half year, 35 of the 43 patients had a total reduction. The most upsetting reaction would rise 10 years after the fact. A few patients, relieved of Hodgkins ailment, would backslide with a subsequent malignant growth, normally a medication safe leukemia brought about by the earlier MOPP treatment. *** In May 1968, Frei and Freireichs VAMP mix chemo had restored the vast majority of the youngsters with leukemia in their bone marrow, yet not the leukemia that had spread to their mind. A 36-year-old oncologist name Donald Pinkel imagined that VAMP had not been escalated enough. Pinkel, a protã ©gã © of Farbers, had been enrolled from Boston to begin the leukemia program at St. Judess Hospital in Memphis. He resolved to push the rationale of mix chemotherapy as far as possible with four critical advancements: To utilize mixes of blends of medications combined and coordinated for most extreme impact; To ingrain chemotherapy straightforwardly into the sensory system through the spinal rope; To slaughter lingering cells in the mind by high-portion radiation; and To proceed with chemotherapy for quite a long time after month, significantly after the disease appeared to have vanished. The treatment convention began with the standard chemotherapy drugs given in quick fire progression. The spinal waterway was infused with methotrexate at characterized interims. The mind was lighted with high dosages of X-beams. The treatment kept going as long as 30 months. It was a hard and fast battle. I

Book Riots Deals of the Day for September 6th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for September 6th, 2019 Sponsored by Shadow Mountain Publishing These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals American Panda by Gloria Chao for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Moxie by Jennifer Mathieu for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky for $1.99.  Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals Women Talking by Miriam Toews for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): Never Stop Walking: A Memoir of Finding Home Across the World by Christina Rickardsson, translated by Tara F. Chace for $0.99 The Female Persuasion by Meg Wolitzer for $1.99 One Summer: America, 1927  by Bill Bryson for $1.99 Bäco: Vivid Recipes from the Heart of Los Angeles  by  Josef Centeno and Betty Hallock for $1.99 The Lesson by Cadwell Turnbull for $0.99 Just Kids  by Patti Smith for $1.99 The Sun Does Shine: How I Found Life and Freedom on Death Row  by Anthony Ray Hinton for $2.99. When They Call You a Terrorist by Patrisse Khan-Cullors and Asha Bandele for $2.99. Eloquent Rage: A Black Feminist Discovers Her Superpower by Brittney C. Cooper for $2.99. Moxie: A Novel by Jennifer Mathieu for $2.99. The Complete Poetry by Maya Angelou for $1.99 Leah on the Offbeat by Becky Albertalli for $2.99 The Gurkha and the Lord of Tuesday by Saad Z. Hossain for $3.99 Parrot in the Oven: mi vida by Victor Martinez for $1.99 The Black Tides of Heaven (The Tensorate Series Book 1) by JY Yang for $3.99 Let it Shine by Alyssa Cole for $2.99. The Tigers Wife by Téa Obreht for $4.99 Down the Darkest Street by Alex Segura for $0.99. The Banished of Muirwood for $3.99. Let Us Dream by Alyssa Cole for $2.99. A Curious Beginning (A Veronica Speedwell Mystery Book 1) by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 Romancing the Duke: Castles Ever After by Tessa Dare for $2.99 A Little Book of Japanese Contentments: Ikigai, Forest Bathing, Wabi-sabi, and More for $1.99 The Book of the Unnamed Midwife by Meg Elison for $1.99 The Murmur of Bees by Sofia Segovia for $1.99 The Murders of Molly Southbourne by Tade Thompson for $3.99 Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99 Mapping the Interior by Stephen Graham Jones for $3.99 Shuri (2018 #1)  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 The Only Harmless Great Thing by Brooke Bolander for $1.99 Rosewater by Tade Thompson for $2.99 The Black Gods Drums by P. Djèlí Clark for $1.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $1.99 My Soul to Keep by Tananarive Due for $0.99 All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries by Martha Wells for $3.99 Jade City by Fonda Lee for $2.99 A Big Ship at the Edge of the Universe by Alex White  for $2.99 Silver in the Wood by Emily Tesh for $3.99 A Curious Beginning  by Deanna Raybourn  for $2.99 Storm Front  by Jim Butcher (Book One of the Dresden Files)  for $2.99 Guapa  by Saleem Haddad for $1.99 Hogwarts: an Incomplete and Unreliable Guide  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 Short Stories from Hogwarts  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 The Paper Magician by Charlie N. Holmberg for $1.99 The Girl with the Red Balloon by Katherine Locke  for $1.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home  by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ®  Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for  $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7  by Marcel Proust  for $0.99 Prime Meridian  by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Essay on Causes of Depression in the Millennial Generation

Causes of Depression in the Millennial Generation Depression has possibly at one time affected or currently affects almost every living individual worldwide. Kids, teens, and young adults in the twentieth century were always identified as more susceptible to feeling depressed, typically due to nothing more than normal changes of physical and mental maturity. However, in her book Generation Me, Jean M. Twenge addresses that â€Å"being young has not always carried such a high risk of being anxious, depressed, suicidal, or medicated†. She tells that between only 1% to 2% of Americans born before 1915 felt depressed at least one time in their life; considerably less compared to today’s 15% to 20% of Americans (105). In previous generations,†¦show more content†¦end in divorce; though 66% are childless relationships, the other 44% have children (Divorce Rates). Young adults, teens, and children dealing with divorced parents are more likely to encounter serious depr ession. In an interview with Parent News, Ohio State University Associate Professor and Extension Specialist in the Department of Human Development and Family Science, Robert Hughes, Jr, PhD, elaborated on the devastation of a child living in a broken home. â€Å"Children of divorce are twice as likely as children living in non-divorced families to experience difficulties† says Hughes, â€Å"roughly 20% to 25% of these children will have problems†. He says children raised in a divorce are more likely to be aggressive, have low self-esteem, have trouble with academics, get into trouble at school or with the law, and/or feel depressed. On an encouraging note, he states that 75% to 80% of these children, however, will not exhibit substantial difficulties (Divorce and Children). One of the largest environmental influences leading to depression in young people is drug and alcohol abuse. Some teens indulge in drug use in rebellion to the previously mentioned influence of soc iety; sadly many do not. According to Teendepression.org, 30% of teenagers who are depressed develop a substance abuse issue. Theantidrug.com reported that young Americans who are depressed and use drugs are more likely to develop serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Show MoreRelatedA Short Note On Modern Society And Today s Culture And Society1342 Words   |  6 PagesNicole Valdecanas Mrs. McCready AP English III - E 20 February 2017 Millennials and Modern Society Are millennials more anxious, egotistical, and insecure because of today’s culture and society? Imagine a room full of young people that sit on their phones, unwilling to speak to one another because they are either too snobby or reluctant to interact with one another. A teenage girl approaches the others, her eyes filled with both worry and chance. Revealing a picture on her phone, she inquires whetherRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean TwengeHave Smartphones Destroyed A Generation777 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle, â€Å"Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?†, uses multiple points to explain how she believes smartphones are hurting the health of the post-Millennial generation. She repeatedly makes the point that this new wave of teenagers lacks an interest in gaining freedom from their parents and other restrictions in their lives. For example, Twenge wrote that post-Millennials are getting their drivers licenses significantly later than the Baby Boomer generation and often wait to get jobs until afterRead MorePersuasive Speech On Volunteering At The United States1349 Words   |  6 Pageshealthier people. Central Idea: We are part of the Millennial Generation, known as the â€Å"Me Generation†, and I want to encourage you to recognize our tendency to be self-focused, to step out to help others through volunteerism, and to recognize the benefits of volunteering in your life. Introduction â€Å"Millennials† is a term referring to people born in the United States after 1982. That would be all of us! I do not mind being called a Millennial, but I have a problem with the other term that is oftenRead MoreThe American Dream821 Words   |  4 Pagesresult, a misconception about America has been created. The Great Recession represented a sharp decline in the economy. This occurred during the late 2000s and has been considered the largest and most tragic decline in the economy since the Great Depression. Millions of people lost their jobs, the unemployment rate doubled, and the middle class average income took a huge hit. As a result, the real estate market experienced a huge downfall and eventually collapsed. This caused a great deal of foreclosedRead MoreA Generation Of The Workplace1226 Words   |  5 PagesA Generation Lost In the Workplace Denise Gelina Columbia Collegeâ€Æ' A Generation Lost In the Workplace The workplace is ever changing. There are currently four generations in the work environment today, and because of longer life expectancies it will soon by five as the youngest generation enters the workforce joining the current four. Generational transitions in the work environment cause the shift of power to be handed from one generation to the next. These transitions are complex but they haveRead MoreGenerational Diversity in the Workplace1445 Words   |  6 Pagesfemales from all different cultures and generations. For the first time in U.S. history there are four different generations out in the workforce. A generation can be defined as a group of individuals born within a term years having similar ideas, goals, attitudes and experiences. It can also be defined as the average period between the birth of parents and the birth of their children. Resources differ as to when some generations start and end; a generation is usually around 20 years long. generationalRead MoreThe Effe cts Of Music On College Students Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pageslife that results in stress. While everyone harbors stress, stress is especially apparent in college students. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the country’s largest grassroots mental health organization, rates of anxiety and depression have skyrocketed in what many are calling a crisis of mental health on college campuses. More than 5 million college students struggle with mental health (Heck). Because of this, it is pertinent that one finds healthy coping mechanisms. MusicRead MoreGenerational Affects in Business Ethics Essay1597 Words   |  7 Pagesour workforce: The Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millennials, who for the past few years have begun to work together. However, what we are discovering is that because of the time frame of their births and the life altering affects during those times, it has influenced the values and objectives of each of these groups, ultimately affecting their ethics and values, in the work place. We will continue to discover the differences in each of these generations, their outlooks, and the steps thatRead MoreMillennials And Technology1194 Words   |  5 Pagestopics of millennials and technology. When it comes to these topics, one side says that it is making the younger generation addicted to them or that millennials are lazy, entitled, and narcissistic. In the other side, we have others saying that technology has helped become more advanced or that millennials are, in fact, beneficial to society as they changed the workplace and such. In a speech given by Simon Sinek, titled â€Å"Millennials in the Workplace,† he argues that due to how millennials were broughtRead MoreSanchi Team Reflection1037 Words   |  5 Pagesindependently, but those who do find it easy to focus and concentrate when they block out all distractions – including interactions with coworkers. They shine when insulated from the interruptions of a hectic workplace. There can be many cause of dissonance between the two generations few of them are :- Difference in personalities A difference in personalities among co-workers is a reason for dissonance among the employees . employees originate from various backgrounds and experiences , which acts as a part

LITTLE Surname Meaning and Origin

Little is a common  descriptive  surname often bestowed on someone who was of short or petite stature,  from the Middle English littel  and  Old English lytel, meaning little. In some cases the surname may have been used to denote the younger of two men of the same name.  KLEIN is the German variant and PETIT the French variant. Alternate Surname Spellings:  LITTLE, LITEL, LITTELL, LITTLE, LYTEL, LYTELL, LYTTELLE, LITTELLE, LYTLE, LYTTLE Surname Origin: English   Where in the World Do People with the LITTLE Surname Live? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, Little is a fairly common surname in most English-speaking countries, including the United States (where it ranks 276th), New Zealand (243rd), Australia (262nd), Scotland (256th), England (331st) and Canada (357th). Within England, Little is most common in the northern counties, especially Cumberland where it is the 11th most common last name. WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates that in the United Kingdom,  Little is  most common in Cumbria County, England; Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland; and  Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Within North America, Little is especially common in Nova Scotia, as well as the U.S. states of North Carolina and Mississippi.   Famous People with the LITTLE Last Name Lewis Henry Little - American  Civil War Confederate brigadier generalMalcolm Little - birth name of Malcolm X, African-American human rights activist  Arthur Dehon Little - American chemical engineerJean Little - Canadian writer Genealogy Resources for the Surname LITTLE Little Surname DNA ProjectThis DNA project was started in 2001 and has grown to include over 300 members with the surnames Little, Klein, Kline, or Cline interested in working collaboratively to combine genealogy research with DNA testing to sort out Little family lines. English Surname Meanings and OriginsUncover the meaning of your English last name with this guide to English surname meanings and origins. How to Research English  AncestryLearn how to research your English family tree with this guide to genealogical records in England and Wales, including birth, marriage, death, census, military and church records. Little Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Little  family crest or coat of arms for the Little surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   LITTLE  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Little surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Little genealogy query. FamilySearch - LITTLE GenealogyExplore over 2.7 million  historical records which mention individuals with the Little surname, as well as online Little family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Little  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Little surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. DistantCousin.com - LITTLE  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Little. The Little  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Little  from the website of Genealogy Today. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Present Day Business Condition Free Essays

In present day business condition, learning is the most vital asset, data with respect to rivalry predominantly concerned their piece of the overall industry and offer, appeared to be a palatable volume of data. These days requires data about the opposition. These data allude not exclusively to contenders piece of the overall industry and their offer, yet additionally to the level and structure of their costs, items and administrations quality-value relations, deals volume, extent of exercises, money streams, liquidity, dissolvability and productivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Present Day Business Condition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Building data framework that backings the administration and basic leadership, and that can be a wellspring of aggressive edge, isn’t a simple errand. Issue is the way to get quality and helpful data. In the present business focus, there are huge amounts of things and organizations open to fulfill the necessities of individuals and associations. Your ability to perceive and mishandle the features and related favorable circumstances of your thing or advantage and show how it is one of a kind or better than anything the resistance will outfit you with an engaged edge. The edge or favored angle will outfit your firm with the instruments to: Augmentation arrangements and bit of the pie. Upgrade general incomes for a given time period in new or existing markets. Assurance your survival in to an awesome degree centered markets. Become hard-to-copy advancing mixes. An Aggressive EDGE : To start, you ought to amass each one of the data assembled about your target showcase designs, customers, things and contenders. Recorded different market design components is a structure of the distinctive market plan segments you should study to distinguish your focused edge. Every association must have no short of what one ideal position to adequately fight in the market. In case an association can’t recognize one or essentially doesn’t have it, contenders soon beat it and power the business to leave the market. There are various ways to deal with achieve the ideal position however only two key sorts of it: cost or division advantage. An association that can achieve predominance in cost or partition can offer customers the things at cut down costs or with more elevated amount of detachment or more all, can fight with its adversaries. Foundation: Right off the bat the recognizable proof of your association’s qualities and shortcomings is an essential errand that should be proficient before any focused edge can be created. The forceful edge your firm picks will depend upon the reasons your customer will buy a particular thing or organization. An upper hand implies you have to offer a few things your rivals don’t. You have to recognize what it is your rivals do well, and don’t do well. For example, if your resistance has one recipe that various customers go to that diner for, essentially imitating their equation won’t add to your high ground. Instead of trying to copy your adversary’s purposes of intrigue, invigorate your own specific to make a unique course of action of characteristics that can’t be imitated. There’s no convincing motivation to enroll some individual to do what you can do yourself, however consider using research firms to find information that isn’t unreservedly open. Here are two or three instruments you can use to secure forceful information. Online outputs are a quick method for finding forceful information. Regardless, this chase will simply give information that has been made open. On area view of the contender’s stopping territory, customer organization, volume and case of suppliers’ transports, et cetera can yield significant information about the state of the contender’s business. Outlines and gatherings can yield a great deal of data about contenders and things. Research surveys and focus gathering interviews generally give more all around perspectives from an obliged case. Forceful benchmarking is used to take a gander at the affiliation’s exercises against those of its adversaries. In making specific connections inside an industry, an affiliation grabs information about customary publicizing practices, available workforce, and suppliers. Issues to Increase Aggressive Edge over your Rival in Business: Competition is awesome. For sure, a sound rivalry incites you to work more splendid with the advantages you have. To do thusly, utilize your gathering’s intriguing blessings and build a business contenders wouldn’t set out test. Despite whether distinctive associations in your industry attempt to undermine your expenses and take your customers, contemplate ways they can empower your startup to create. Keeping up a vital separation from absence of concern. Sole suppliers in an industry quickly quit progressing basically in light of the way that they never again have any need to. Tragically, they accidentally center around keeping up the current situation. Contenders have a penchant for keeping you on your toes. Building brand clout. Make it your focal objective to develop as the primary pro in your space of capacity. Your social event of individuals will value your thought expert and regularly pick you over various merchants. Making care. Enemies compel you to assess your characteristics and deficiencies. Use your superpowers to make a more uncommon motivating force to customers. Grasp your shortcomings and find ways to deal with overcome them. Enabling partition. Contenders will dependably endeavor to offer better customer advantage, thing quality and advancing. In sound markets, buyers will ask for the best solutions for their specific needs. Isolate your commitments with the target of influencing gigantic motivating force for the customers you to serve. Mishandling industry designs. Contention signals strong client ask. It offers endorsement to what you are doing. In new markets, this is an opportunity to propel a creating design that will get buyers and the media amped up for your work. Molding startling affiliations. Make associations together with comparative associations. Exchange development and mechanical assemblies, expand the general market, cross propel each other’s things and collaborate on novel research to educate purchasers. Perhaps one day, you may merge with, or pick up, your most noteworthy adversary. Shared learning. Watch the resistance intentionally. The learning and resources they have may be both favored and unmistakable over yours. Viably pick up from how they direct and build up their undertaking. A little while later, you will discover ways to deal with apply those lessons made sense of how to your business. Narrowing down a claim to fame. Some person will reliably be better than you at something – and that is okay. Customers justify the best things and organizations to fulfill their individual needs. To make a gainful business, focus your undertakings on making a smaller part of the general market astoundingly cheery. By narrowing your claim to fame, you develop a forceful edge that averts advance contention. Masterminding whole deal. Without contenders, most firms lose all ability to read a compass in the ordinary exercise of keeping up their business. As various associations join the market, you should start testing yourself to accomplish more. Sorting out customer needs. Instead of focusing your imperativeness on surpassing the restriction, place assets into moving toward a customer driven affiliation. Thusly, you will help buyer reliability and easily shield against powerful suppliers or dealers objective on taking your clients. By the day’s end, it is your customers – not your opponent – who can speak to the choosing minute your business. How to cite Present Day Business Condition, Papers

Applying Ethical Theory Apple and FBI

Question: Discuss about the Applying Ethical Theory for Apple and FBI. Answer: Introduction Apple Vs FBI: All you Need to Know This case study enlightens the disputes and arguments between Apple and FBI showcases various advantages and disadvantages of the high security provided in the Apples iPhones. The case study focuses on the negative aspects of the security and authorization promoted in the iPhones while the Apple defends the situation by claiming that the security and authorization are for the safety and privacy of the users data which cannot be compromised at any cost. The huge concern in this case study is the rising disputes and disagreements between the technical or IT companies and the government firms. There are several clashed between them due to the data access rights and authorization processes. In this case study, the US FBI identifies a criminal and also investigates that the criminal used the iPhone (Litschka et al, 2011). The FBI also claims that more information about the criminal and his companions can be extracted by using the iPhone as a key element. This phone requires passwords for the phone lock which the FBI requested iPhone to unlock (Haidt Jonathan, 2012). Apple however responded claiming that providing the key or solution to the locks and granting the access and authorization without the passwords would require software and would be completely unsafe. The company defended their decision by claiming that if the such kind of unlocking key or solutions would be developed then the significance of the locks would not remaining powerful anymore. Ethical Issues, Cyber Crime and Security The ethical issue here is the safety and security provided by the company. It has been stated that the government agency FBI wanted to use the unlocking software or key which request was avoided by Apple. The company needs such high end security providing devices which cannot be tempered by anyone and the security must be so strong for anybody to unlock it easily for solving this issue. The FBI found another solution of getting the phone unlocked by some another agent or company. It was for governmental use where the government agency hired another agency to unlock the system of the iPhone (Bergum Dossetor, 2005). This was an ethical step taken by the FBI to get the correct details of the shooter. The company did focus on securing and maintaining the privacy of the users data. The security features of Apple are quite stronger but are yet broken and tempered by another company (Ravven Heidi, 2013). As per Apple, (2016) the ratio of cyber crime has increased as the security and privacy gets enhanced. The safety and security provides a shield to the criminals under the influence of which, the criminals are able to commit various cybercrime. However for the governmental bodies, these security aspects must be compromised. Social inclusion describes the inclusion of the society which results in the positive changes and actions that are taken positively by the company, this case study reveals that the results may be positive in fact there are some action steps that may be a beneficiary for FBI. In the given case study, there are community and identity as the topics which consists of the common interests of the company as such there are common standards, norms and values carried out by the company to positively plan for the increase in the awareness of cyber crime (Ravven Heidi, 2013). As discussed, privacy and security are important for cyber crime, so are these concepts important. Pervasive computing are the wireless technologies with advanced form but are sometimes dangerous as they seem to be the privacy advocate which is concerned with a practical standpoint. At the end these ethical issues are considered and the results are considered that Apple stuck on the success with defending civil liberties (Ung Hee, 2013). The consequentialism and deontological Theories and their implications on the case study In this case the consequentialism theory can be applied to identify the exact need and importance of the demand made by the governmental bodies. This theory helps in identifying the right thing to do as per the consequences. If the condition is extreme where the company can get a solution to a huge problem just with the cooperation of the IT firm, then both the parties must mutually understand the requirements and propose a solution. IN this case too, the court identified a solution according to the situation (Pojman Fieser, 2009). Apple was not ready to compromise with its security and safety aspects while the FBI was demanding the company to unlock several features and provide solution to get access to the phone which gets the consequentialism theory into action. In this case none of the side was ready to compromise thus the court decided to find a third party which can help in unlocking the phone and extracting the data. This mission and idea was successful and the solution was obtained. The consequentialism theory thus states that identification of the correct action to perform is very important and necessary.This theory helps immensely in identifying the proper and required solution and to get the beneficial outcomes from the solutions (Ravven Heidi, 2013). The deontology theory states that to break a promise given to the other person is seen as a lack of respect and is completely a wrong practice (Pojman Fieser, 2009). In this case, applying the deontoligical theory for Apple, the company believes that it has promised its customers for providing security and safety for their data and breaking the promise made to the customers while providing decoding and unlocking solutions to the FBI would break the trust of the customers and is ideally wrong practice to follow in the market. Thus the company decided to stand by the decision of keeping the promise made to the customers of securing their data and not providing the FBI with the decoding solutions (Bergum Dossetor, 2005). The significance of the deontological theory here is to identify the promises made ot the customers and maintain the trust of the customers by following the promises made.This theory would help into getting a trustworthy base and a reliable reputation and gives a solution which is highly beneficial. Recommendations It has been witnessed that after identifying the different theories and applying it on the case study, the problems can be solved by applying the feasible and proposed solutions which are documented in the theories. The ethical theories like deontological and consequential theories, provides guidance regarding the action to be taken when an adverse situation arises. The in depth analysis of the problem and the identification of correct solution and methodology is provided by these theories which would help in getting an effective and efficient result. https://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/29/apple-vs-fbi-all-you-need-to-know.html References: Apple (2016). Ethical Conflicts between Apple and FBI US. Available at: www.apple.com last accessed: 15th sep 2016. Bergum, V., Dossetor, J. (2005). Relational ethics. The full meaning of respect.Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group. Haidt, Jonathan (2012), The Righteous Mind : Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, New York: Pantheon Books. Keyton, J. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2006). Case studies for organizational communication (2nd Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Company. Litschka, M., Suske, M., Brandtweiner, R. (2011). Decision Criteria in Ethical Dilemma Situations: Empirical Examples from Austrian Managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(4), 473-484. Tomescu, M., Popescu, M. A. (2013). Ethics And Conflicts of Interest In The Public Sector. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, 5(2), 201-206. Ung Hee, L., Hye Kyoung, K., Young Hyung, K. (2013). Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Its Outcomes. Global Business Management Research, 5(1), 54-65. Pojman, L.P. Fieser, J. (2009). Ethics: Discovering right and wrong. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Ravven, Heidi M. (2013), The Self Beyond Itself: An Alternative History of Ethics, the New Brain Sciences, and the Myth of Free Will, New York: The New Press.

Costa Rica Essay Example

Costa Rica Essay The countrys official name is Republica de Costa Rica or Republic of Costa Rica.In Spanish Costa Rica means rich coast.You will find the country in Central America.Both water and land surround it.The Pacific Ocean is to the west and the Caribbean Sea is to the east.North of Costa Rica is Nicaragua and the country of Panama is south of it.There are 3 geographical regions in Costa Rica.One is the Pacific Coast, which includes 3 peninsulas, steep cliffs, and sandy beaches.Another region there is the Central Highlands.Here is where the capital and other populous cities remain.Because of its higher elevation there is more rainfall and humidity.The last region is the Caribbean Lowlands.Obviously this is made up of lowlands, but there are the occasional volcanoes and hills.White and black sand beaches are also found here. Two major Indian nations dominated Costa Rica when the Spaniards arrived.They are the Chorotega and the Chibcha.Christopher Columbus was thefirst European to go to Costa R ica.He found the Indians to be nice and seemed to have a lot of gold, so he reported this to the Spanish.This is how the name came about and why the Spaniards went because they believed the Indians would be easy to conquer. Little did they know that the Indians would put up a fight and were not all that easy to conquer.They did eventually conquer they in war and by diseases.Some Indians also left Costa Rica because of fear of being enslaved.The Spaniards also did not find Costa Rica rich with gold.Many years later, an American named William Walker tried to defeat all of Central America to make them slave states for the U.S.He eventually failed and a young drummer boy named, Juan Santamaria, is remembered as a national hero for setting fire to the building Walkers troops were in forcing them to leave the building.Costa Rica eventually won and as a country they becam

The Personality Traits of a Man Example

The Personality Traits of a Man Example The Personality Traits of a Man – Article Example ï » ¿The Personality Traits of a Man The personality traits of a man are important factors that have significant influence on the organizational behavior and consequently on the performance outcome of the collective goals of the organization. Indeed, the interaction amongst the workers is greatly impacted by their personality and becomes a decisive factor in the amicable resolution of workplace conflicts and motivation. It is also one of the key factors of competitive advantage because workforce is looked upon as resource that can be tapped to improve and improvise the performance of the organization in the fiercely competitive business setting. Hence, the big five framework of personality traits must become critical issues in the recruitment policy of the organizations. As a Finance and Administration Manager in a medical equipment company in Saudi Arabia, my job was closely linked to the workers’ welfare. I realized the utmost importance of credible personality traits that greatly facilitate better human interaction within the workplace and create conducive environment for sustainable development. Conscientiousness, openness to new experience and emotional adjustment are vital characteristics that not only help the persons to grow individually but also professionally. The other two traits: extroversion and agreeableness are also important as they help in the integration of the person with the system. These are the traits that make a person more flexible and adapt to the fast changing environment of business with ease. They, thus become the enabling factors for organizations to maintain its pace of growth. I have found that using personality assessment test during recruitment and promotion of employees hugely supports the organizational goals and objectives. These tests help us to get some ideas of the traits of the persons and whether those traits would help the persons to adapt to the organizational culture comfortably. We had also used ‘situational analysis’ where the candidates were given case studies and they were asked how they perceived the situation and what would be their reaction to the situation. We often hired or evaluated the person for promotion when their perception of the situation and the results of their personality assessment tests corroborated and were found to be constructive. This methodology greatly facilitated us to recruit and promote persons who were able to take up the challenges of the job and face adverse situation with optimism. While it is true that social scientists are skeptic of the validity of psycho-analytical tools to measure the traits, conscientiousness is still been found to be the major dimension of personality that has proved valid across job specifications. The psycho-analytical perspectives are important tools for understanding the hidden dynamics of human relationship, especially with regard to corporate culture, social defenses, leadership imperatives, motivation and other paradigms associated with organizational behavior. Different organizations use diverse ways to gauge the suitability of the job aspirants so that they are able to meet the challenges of contemporary times with creative input. In our case, the recruitment process has resulted in good retention rate of employees, even during the recessive economy. Hence, it can be concluded that personality assessment is intrinsic part of recruitment of right candidate. (511)

Don't really have one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Don't really have one - Essay Example All of this also happened to a man who is known to history as Frederick Douglass, the first black man to appear on a presidential ticket. In his early narrative Frederick Douglass: Life of an American Slave, the author details his early life and education in such a way that he illustrates both the dehumanizing effects of slavery as well as those factors that operated to inspire him to ‘become a man’ rather than remaining in the role of a slave. Douglass’s narrative begins with his earliest knowledge about himself, which is far less than most people’s knowledge and highlights the degree to which black people were considered beasts of the field. Douglass sadly informs the reader that he is uncertain of his age or the day he was born and, although his mother died when he was seven years old, he was relatively unaffected by the news as he had been separated from her since infancy. â€Å"Never having enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tidings of [my mother’s] death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger† (Ch. 1). In highlighting this unnatural separation of mother and child, Douglass also points out that he never knew who his father was although there had been some rumors that he was a white man. However, the important element of these early chapters is the way in which the slave is creat ed from birth, separated from his family to destroy any natural human feelings of attachment and support and cruelly treated to keep him always in fear. By the time he was seven, he had learned of the death of his mother, watched his aunt brutally whipped and had taken his own place at work in the fields. He describes the life of the slave, illustrating its bestial level of survival existence and the types of behaviors they were expected to exhibit when they were in the presence of their masters. A turning point in the book

Compare And Contrast Lions And Tigers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compare And Contrast Lions And Tigers - Essay Example The paper discusses that both lions and tigers happen to be big cats that share many similarities and tend to differ in many aspects. Lions tend to be the largest members in the cat family that are found in Asia and Africa. Lions are mostly yellowish brown in color with no peculiar features on their skin. Lions are not good swimmers (Robinson 46). Lions usually live in families called feelings of pride, in which both the male and females participate in raising cubs (Robinson 47). When a new lion takes over a pride, he kills the cubs born of the previous male that led the pride (Robinson 48). Tigers are big cats mostly found in Asia (Robinson 131). Tigers have a striped hide and are mostly yellowish brown or white. Tigers are good swimmers. In contrast to lions, the tigers do not live in feelings of pride but tend to be alone, except during the mating season (Robinson 131). The caring of the cubs is mostly confined to the female. Tigers though being territorial do not kill the cubs born of other tigers while courting a female. Lions and tigers both belong to the cat family. Lions are mostly found in Asia and Africa while the tigers are confined to Asia only. Lions are single colored while the tigers have a striped hide. Lions and tigers both happen to be territorial. In mating season lions kill the cubs born of other males, while tigers do not do so. Tigers, unlike lions, are good swimmers. Lions and tigers both happen to be members of the cat family sharing many similarities and differences.

Product life cycle and its concept

Product life cycle and its concept All products and services have certain life cycles. The life cycle of a product, also known as PLC, is a model that illustrates the six different stages that a product/service will go through. The PLC shows the life of a product from its conception to its final withdrawal and each phase has its own characteristics and varies in length depending on the product/service. When a company introduces a new product in the market is very important to identify the six stages of its products life cycle because it has to take specific marketing actions in each stage in order to have the more profits it can. The understanding of the PLC can help the businesses to find out the right timing to introduce or withdraw a product from the market and realize whether their products are successful or not. THE HISTORY OF THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE AND ITS CONCEPT The product life cycle concept was developed in the 1950s and became very popular during the next decade. Up until now, it represents a core element of marketing theory and it is widely accepted because of its extensive applications. The PLCs concept can be applied to other theories such as new product development, portfolio analysis etc. The concept of PLC involves that: All products and services have a limited life similar to the human life (or the life of any other living organism). The product sales range. They pass through several and unique stages which pose certain challenges, opportunities and problems. The profits of a product/service range also. During different stages the profits are bound to rise or fall accordingly. Finally, at each stage of PLC, the firms must alter their strategies and their marketing in order for their product to be as profitable as it can. The product life cycle and its stages refer to three production levels: As far as it concerns a specific product (brand) of a company (e.g. Samsung captivate Galaxy S cell phone). A specific company that produces similar and parallel products (e.g. Samsung cell phones). And the whole industry. The group of companies that produce competitive products (e.g. the whole cell phone industry). The brands usually have shorter product life cycles. The products on the other hand, follow standard PLC, while the product categories (industries) have the largest PLCs and stay in maturity phase for a long time, sometimes indefinitely. THE PLC STAGES The products life cycle consists of six phases: Development Introduction Growth Maturity Saturation Decline Fig.1 3821925.gif PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PHASE The development phase begins when a company generates and develops a new product idea. Its a process that demands the translation of different kinds of information (market and consumers trends, competitors products, environmental analysis etc.) which will have to be organized, combined and incorporated into the new product. This product must pass several test market and laboratory tests (Beta testing) in order for the company to see if it will be profitable and if the customers will benefit from it. Only those products that survive the tests can be introduced into the real market. Its obvious that during the development stage the company does not have any sales or profit. INTRODUCTION PHASE The introduction phase begins with the launch of the product in the market. The company tries to promote the new product, develop a market for it and spends a great deal of money in order to achieve this. During this phase the sales generally are low and the profits of the company even tend to be sometimes negative (low sales, high unit costs). The companies produce a small amount of products and their employees must be highly educated. Expertise is needed now. There is little or no competition and there may be high skim pricing for the company to recover the development costs. Finally, the distribution is very selective until the consumers start showing acceptance of the product and start buying it. Sadly, most of the times, the new products fail this stage and the company must withdraw them early from the market. GROWTH PHASE The products that managed to pass the first two stages with flying colors can now proceed to the growth stage. Thats the most profitable stage for the firms. The product takes-off in the market place and the sales increase rapidly. Costs decline on a per unit basis and we have scale economies in production. Thats the time that the company wants to increase the market share and find loyal customers (brand loyalty). However, the success of the product draws the competitors attention. The pricing, which would have be maintained with little competition, starts changing. The company must now become the leader, indicate all the products offerings and differentiate the brand from those of competitors. Basically, the companies during this phase try to find sources of competitive advantage and establish position in the market. The promotion continues as well, but not in the same extend that was needed in the second phase and is also aimed at a broader audience. Finally, distribution channels are added since the product is now successful and the demand continues to increase. MATURITY PHASE Its the stage where the sales have reached to their maximum point (peak) and now start decreasing. The strong growth in sales diminishes and the competition becomes harsher. Now there is a plethora of similar products in the market and the first basic product becomes less wanted. However, if the company managed to achieve its market share goal, now is the time to enjoy the most profitable period. The maturity stage is a period that the firms try to extend their products life as we will show further down. During this stage, pricing strategies change and usually the companies lower their prices because of the new competition. Price wars start. Discounts, coupons, BOGOF offers etc. give an advantage to those who are leaders, helping them to withstand the crisis caused by the low prices. Promotion changes and focuses in finding new buyers. Emphasis is given to the product differentiation especially in terms of quality, use, reliability and price. The distribution becomes more intensive and the use of multi distribution channels begins. The phase of the maturity is a period that drives many companies to stop the production and withdraw (shake-out) since they cannot handle the competition. Its a phase that lasts for a long time and includes the majority of products (mature products of mature industries). SATURATION PHASE This phase usually is excluded because it has many characteristics of the maturity phase. However, the saturation stage is even more extreme. During this stage, sales are impossible to increase and the profits decline sharply. The competition becomes more and more austere and relentless and the customers now search for the low cost substitutes. Meanwhile, the quality of the similar products gradually rises and the previously new product straggles to keep up and not fade away. DECLINE PHASE This is the final stage. In the decline phase sales decrease rapidly either because new products are launched in the market or the buyers behavior starts to change. Its the time that the companies start to withdraw their products, minimize the promotion and lessen the distribution channels. Sometimes, the firms continue to sell their products in a lower price to their loyal customers but that cannot continue for a long time since ultimately the costs will exceed the profits. At this phase the firm has several options such as: To maintain the product by adding new features or by finding new uses of it (extension strategies). Sell the product to another company which is willing to continue the production. This is called divestment and basically refers to companies that want to associate the dying product with their production line or sell it to a different market. Harvest the product. With this option, the companies reduce costs and offer the product until they run out of stock. Most of the times the product is sold to the loyal customers who already know the product and the places where they can acquire it. The group of these loyal customers is also called Niche segment. Withdraw the product. (Sometimes this becomes a 7th phase called the abandonment phase). Fig.2productLifeCycle.gif Fig.3product_life_cycle-2-797072.gif Fig.4 (a PLC compared to the companys profits) product_lifecycle.jpg In the table bellow there is a summary of the strategies that the companies must follow in each product life cycle phase. The table has been taken from the book Strategic Industrial Marketing Development Phase Introduction Phase Growth Phase Maturity Phase Decline Phase Strategic Goal Make your product known and establish a test period Acquire a strong market position Maintain your market position and build on Defend market position from competitors and improve your product Milk all remaining profits from product Competition Almost not there Early entry of aggressive competitors into the market Price and distribution channel pressure Establishment of competitive environment Some competitors are already withdrawing from market Product Limited number of variations Introduction of product variations and models Improvement upgrade of product Price decrease Variations and models that are not profitable are withdrawn Price Goal High sale to middle men Aggressive price policy (decrease) for sales increase Re-estimation of price policy Defensive price policy Maintain price level for small profit Promotion Goal Creation of public market product awareness Reinforcement of product awareness and preference Reinforcement of middle men Maintain loyal to middle men Gradual decrease Distribution Goal Exclusive and selective distribution trough certain distribution channels and creation of high profit margins for middle men General and reinforced distribution through all distribution channels available General and reinforced distribution with good supply to the middle men but with low margins of profit for them General and reinforced distribution with good supply to the middle men but with low margins of profit for them Withdrawal from most channels of distribution except those used in development phase Source: Avlonitis G. THE DIVERSITY OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES Beside the usual and common product life cycle that we have just analyzed, there are some special categories. They are usually called alternative Product Life Cycles and appear very different PLC patterns. As the majority of products go through the normal six stages of their PLC, there are many that do not or will not follow them. These special categories of PLC are mainly five: the style, the fashion, the fad, the low learning and the high learning. However other PLC patterns are also the instant bust, the aborted introduction, the market specialty, the growth stump -maturity pattern, the cycle recycle pattern, the scalloped pattern etc. STYLE Style is a basic and distinctive model of expression appearing in a field of human endeavor. Once a style is invented it can last for generations Examples of Style appear in clothes, home art etc. FASHION Fashion is a currently accepted and popular style in a given field. It passes through four stages. The stage of distinctiveness, where some buyers approve something new and innovative that will characterize them. The stage of emulation, where other buyers approve this fashion in order to imitate the fashion leaders. The stage of mass fashion, where fashion becomes very popular and companies start producing in large quantities (mass production). The stage of decline, where the customers live behind the particular fashion and begin heading towards a new one. FAD Fads are fashions that rapidly appear to the consumers. They become accepted with great enthusiasm, peak early and decline very fast. Their acceptance cycle is very short and products that we will come across in this category are the tattoos or the body piercings. HIGH LEARNING PRODUCTS High learning products are products which have very long introductory phases. After their appearance in the market, they need time in order to become accepted either because they are complicated (require significant education of the customer) and expensive or simply because they are not compatible with the existing values of the society (e.g. Video phones, microwave ovens etc.). LOW LEARNING PRODUCTS Low learning products are the exact contrary of the high learning ones. Their introduction is very fast and some time it is difficult to separate the introductory and the growth stage. They peak rapidly because of their high relative advantage. The customer already knows how to use them and understands the benefits of having them. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES As we have already mentioned, there are also other product life cycles which do not exhibit a bell shaped PLC. Growth slump maturity pattern Its a pattern that usually comes up in new drugs. At the beginning, the products success leads to a high sale level but later slumps. After that point the sales fall to petrified level (other examples are the kitchen supplies like spoons, mixers, kitchen knives etc.). Cycle recycle pattern Cycle-recycle pattern often suits in the pharmaceutical industry. At start, the firm aggressively promotes the product. As a result sales grow producing the first cycle. After their peak, sales start declining and the firms give another promotion push in order to have other smaller growths which produce a second, third cycle and so on. The Scalloped pattern The scalloped pattern on the other hand, differs from the other two. Here sales go through a series of PLCs. This succession of life cycles is the result of good marketing. The company finds new uses of the product, discovers new future customers and sometimes the launches the product to new foreign markets. A great scalloped pattern example would be again a certain drug which company found new applications of it. Other Other alternative Product Life Cycles would be the Instant Bust, the Aborted Introduction, The Market Specialty and the Extended Life Cycle which is the most common type and we are going to analyze next. EXTENDING PLC EXTENSION STRATEGIES The life cycle of the products varies, as we have already mentioned, but sooner or later all products will eventually reach the maturity stage which will be followed by the decline stage. Since the most profitable period of the PLC is during the stages of growth and maturity, companies pay strong attention on the life cycle of their products and try hard to extend them especially as those life cycles near an end. This kind of extension can be achieved by operating certain strategies which usually are introduced during the maturity phase. The most usual and effective PLC extension strategies are the following: Re-Packaging Re-Branding Pricing Re-Designing Promotion New Markets RE-PACKAGING Re-packaging the product means basically that you alter the image of a mature product. The companies try to give a new image to their products in order to make them look more appealing to their existing customers and/or attract new customers. This slight alteration can be done by changing the materials, the size or the messaging on the package. Take for example a chocolate that a company has been selling for decades. Though the product was popular in the 1970s, the new generations will not buy it because is not as modern as they would like it to be. However, if the company changes it just a bit, then it can reach out to those people who will start buying it. RE-BRANDING Re-branding a product is a difficult extension strategy because the companies must change the packaging, the name and the total appearance of their product. This strategy is usually followed when the company wants to reach out to a different audience, target a different market. Take for instance a shampoo. The firm must consistently offer improved versions of this product to maintain the interest of its customers. Re-branding this product would mean giving it a fresh look and name and can involve developing comparative ads that explain how the product has changed and is now better than ever before. PRICING A widely used extension strategy is the re-designing of the products pricing strategy. This can be done by either reducing the products existing price, discounting, or by offering different pricing options. By using this technique, the companies reach out to target markets that couldnt afford the product, gain customers and sustain market share for the products that they offer. RE-DESIGNING Re-designing a mature product is actually the modification of the products features. This strategy is usually followed when the product must adapt to market changes or changes in buyers preferences (customers behavior). In order to do so, the companies, can change the color, the shape or the decoration of the product depending on what their target groups want. Additionally, the companies can add new features to a product providing alternative uses for it. These modifications must be noticeable to the buyer and satisfy his needs in a better way than before, or satisfy him in more ways. Finally, there are two types of value adding modifications: The retention type modification that increases the attractiveness of a product/service to the loyal customers of the company. The conquesting type modifications that allow a company to attract another companys loyal customers by increasing the appeal of its product/service to them. PROMOTION Promotion is used for every single product no matter the stage they are in. However when a product nears the end of its life cycle, the company tends to increase the advertising in order to increase awareness and remind customers the benefits of purchasing this product. The marketing departments can develop new advertising campaigns or stick to the old ones but increase the frequency of the ads. By using persuasive promotional techniques such as BOGOF (Buy One, Get One Free), companies try to stimulate demand. NEW MARKETS Companies can always expand abroad and launch in new markets. By expanding their products abroad, they can reach out to completely different customers (numerous cultural, social, political or geographical differences) and extend the PLC. This strategy can be very expensive since the market will be new and unknown, however, if its done properly, the product will be very profitable and wont fade away. To sum up, if the above product life extension strategies are done properly and be successful, then they can increase the profitable period of a product, generating additional profit from a mature or declining product. THE PROBLEMS OF PLC MODEL As mentioned above the standard PLC model is not followed by each and every product/service. In spite of the companies efforts, sometimes the poor marketing or the misunderstanding of the environments and the consumers messages can lead a product straight to the decline stage. Usually, the firms cannot predict the time that their product will need to go from one phase to another and sometimes they cannot even realize their products current stage. All these ultimately will lead the firm to take marketing actions too early or too late. Since every product is bound to spend different lengths of time in each stage there is no physical way of showing this on the PLC model. As Day (1981: 65) points out: The identification of the boundaries between phases will be affected by the variety of product life cycles patterns. The more variations of the PLC identified, the more difficult the positioning process becomes. Through the years, several scientists and authors have criticized the PLC model and have questioned its validity. In the table below we present some of those along with the problems that they found in this extraordinary model. Major criticisms and problems Authors The PLC concept has no practical use Levitt (1963: 93) It is still difficult to determine at which phase of the PLC a product or service is Levitt (1963: 93) Dhalla and Yuspeh (1976: 102-110) Grantham (1997: 9) The PLC concept has not yet been tested systematically Polli and Cook (1969: 385-400) The PLC led many companies to make costly mistakes and to neglect opportunities. It is often difficult to accurately determine in which phase of the PLC a product actually is. Shortcomings on the practical application of the PLC concept Dhalla and Yuspeh (1976: 102-110) There is still no evidence of the efficacy of the PLC as a tool to predict marketing strategy Dhalla and Yuspeh (1976: 102-110) Grantham (1997: 9) Most empirical studies testing the product life cycle concept have found that it lacks validity or usefulness for explaining sales growth Weber (1976: 125-132) The problem with the PLC concept is that sales are modeled primarily as a function of time and are expected to produce curves that display growth, leveling and decline Tellis and Crawford (1981: 125-132) In many markets the product or brand life cycle is longer than the actual planning life cycle or organizations Mercer (1993: 269-274) There is still serious doubt about the application of the product life cycle as a marketing tool Grantham (1997: 4) THE INVERTED PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE The inverted product life cycle was first invented by John A. Weber. Its a new framework that provides new aspects for viewing and understanding the possible growth opportunities for the organization. It is nothing more than the classic PLC concept. However, this inverse expands it into a detailed, inquisitive and intuitive tool for planning future growth. According to Weber the inverted product life cycle will help organizations to estimate the sales likely to result from taking advantage of available growth opportunities. The inverted PLC uses the industrys life cycle and not the products itself. It can be used in plenty ways such as to help the top management and the product line managers, assess alternative growth choices and international markets, separate the market segments etc. PRODUCT CANNIBALISM Product cannibalism is a phenomenon that appears when a company launches a new product, similar to other pre-existing ones, regardless of their market position. This is mostly due to the introduction of new technologies in the market, which makes cannibalism common among technologically advanced companies. When a firm decides to follow this strategy, it launches a new product to replace previews ones, which cannibalizes on the market share of its predecessors. The favorable case of cannibalism Product cannibalization has both a negative and a positive side. In a usual case of cannibalism, the improved product is introduced to the market when the older one reaches its peak sales. Prices for the new product are high, in order to sustain profit, as the previous version reaches the end of its life cycle. Sometimes, companies introduce a new product, before the existing one even reaches its maturity phase. It is important, for managers, to know exactly the right moment to introduce the new product, as mistimed actions can be catastrophic. The unfavorable case of cannibalism If cannibalism is implicated without caution, the results might be harmful for the company. These are: Smaller contribution to profit, as the new product sold at a lower price, does not yield as much profit as the previous one and does not expand the companys market share. Switching to a new product causes smaller combined profits from both products, compared to not cannibalizing. Changes in the manufacturing process may be too expensive to handle and cause a decrease in profit. A new product with higher risk may cause an unexpected rise in production cost and a decrease in profit margin. Offensive and Defensive Cannibalism strategies Product cannibalism can be used in order to hit the market leader, or repel competitive companies from stealing market share. Offensive cannibalism is useful when a company wishes to establish itself in a new market or expand its market share. For the market leader it is advisable not to cannibalize, until it is necessary. Companies should wait for the right moment, when they have developed or acquired technology allowing them to develop an innovative product. When competitors arise, they will be ready to quickly launch their new product, not only sustaining their market share, but increasing it as well as gaining larger profit. This is not always the case, as delays give competitors the opportunity to attack market share, before the leader is able to react. Defensive cannibalism strategies include: Cannibalizing before competitors, using proper timing. Early use of this strategy causes profits to drop, while late use causes a loss in market share. Using product cannibalism as a way to maintain a technological advantage over competitors. The market leader adjusts the length of the products life cycle this way. This is the case with Intel corp. cannibalizing its older processors in favor of new ones. Adjusting the cannibalization rate to pricing. The price of a new product determines the mix in sales between new and old. Giving the new product at a lower price causes cannibalization to be slow. In the opposite case, cannibalization becomes fast, as the new product is considered to be superior to the previous one. Minimizing cannibalization with the introduction of a new product to specific market segments. This strategy helps the company to maintain a balance between gain and loss in the market. Cannibalism and e-commerce Cannibalism is also common among companies that operate on the internet. Their strategy is to offer products at a lower price on the internet, compared to retail prices. Since buyers are affected by prices they choose to buy online, causing a reduction in volume for retail sales. Large companies such as Toys R Us (United States of America), have launched online ventures in order to achieve this result. THE PLC AND PRODUCT PORTFOLIO THE BCG MODEL Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) has developed a matrix called BCG matrix. The BCG matrix is a portfolio planning model which is used to identify products, current and future market position, profitability, capital requirements and development opportunity. The BCG matrix is based on the theory of product life cycle and it is a well-known portfolio management tool. The BCG matrix is often used to know which products in company gets more funding and attention. Each product has its product life cycle and each phase in the product life cycle represents a different profile of risk and return. A company should retain a balanced portfolio of products that includes both high growth and low growth products. The high growth product is a new product that has to get to the market and it takes a lot of effort to get it there. The high growth products are those which are expected to bring the most profit in the future. A low growth product is already established and known by th e market. In other words these products are the milking cows that brings a constant cash flow. It is important for the companies to know what phase their products are in and in order to find this out they can use the BCG matrix. The model has four categories in a portfolio of a company. These four phases are: Star. If a product is placed in the category of stars it has a high growth and a high market share. The products are also those which are the leaders in the business but still they need to retain the market share with a lot of marketing and promotions. If the company manages to keep the market share the stars will grow into cash cows. The most important thing for a star product is to maintain the strong market position to later develop into a cash cow and try to avoid moving to a dog. Cash cow. When a product has reached a high market share in a mature market it becomes a cash cow. It is characterized by a low growth but a high market share. Due to the high market share there is no reason to invest on the product. A cash cow generates a lot of cash flow because of the high profit margins. This phase of the product life cycle is what every business strives for. Question mark. This phase of the products life cycle exists when the product enters the market and is waiting for the buyers to discover it. The strategy is to get the customer use the products. It is about a high growth and a low market share therefore question marks have high demands and low returns due to the low market share. If the managers do not manage to increase their market share these products will become dogs. When a product reaches this phase the company has to decide if they want to invest in it or to sell it. Dog. When a product has reached the low growth limit and when it has a low market share it is time for the company to remove the product from the market because expensive turn around plans do not help. One possibility the company has is to focus on a defensible niche. Generally, dogs should be avoided and minimized. These four steps of the BCG model can be compared to the model of the product life cycle. When the product life cycle is compared to the product portfolio concept, the marketing manager can take strategic decisions with greater certainty. We can compare the question mark phase to the introduction phase. When the product has evolved to become a star it has reached out to the market and also managed to get a strong market position. This can be compared to the phase of growth. After the period as a star the product turns to a cash cow which is also the maturity stage. Finally a declining product can also be called a dog. CONCLUSION The product life cycle model has been a central and crucial element of marketing theory for four decades. It has been helpful to marketers in their attempt to understand, conceive and analyze their products success and profitability and has proved itself to be an important research tool. Despite the criticism that it has received and the g

Assessing the Role of Motivation on Employees Essay

In this light the study sets to identify the most ranked factors among the ten motivational factors. The analysis from the empirical findings showed that Job satisfaction† was the most ranked factor for both sub groups that made up the sample survey. However a study from previous researches used in this study showed that different results could be obtained from different groups of already working employees. This study therefore can be seen as an introduction to a more detailed study to be carried by future researchers on the field of employee’s motivation. Background When looking at factors that affect job satisfaction, I find that Agency theory might be helpful as it explains the extent to which organizations need to think of their human resource responsible in producing the output needed by organizations to meet shareholders value. Agency theory is concerned with issues related to the ownership of the firm when that ownership is separated from the day-to-day running of the organization. It assumes that in all but owner- managed organizations the owner or owners (known in agency theory as the â€Å"principal†) of an organization must vest authority to an â€Å"agent†-corporate management- to act on their behalf. The principal recognizes the risk, here and act on the assumption that any agent will look to serve its own as well as the principal interests as it ulfils it contract with that principal. However, this is not the situation in real life situation. As all agents are perceived to be Opportunistic. These approaches are to examine the problems of human exchange derived from the field of finance and economics but they are often applied to the study of shareholders Risk Management (SHRM). Agency theory is therefore used to analyze this conflict in interest between the principal (shareholders of o rganizations) and their agents (leaders of these organizations). Whereby the â€Å"Agents† in keeping with the interest of the shareholders and organizational goals turn to use financial motivational aspects like bonuses, higher payrolls, pensions, sick allowances, risk payments, perks to reward and retained their employees and enhance their performance. There is a strong lobby propounding the view that human resources and their management are the source of competitive advantage for the business, rather than, say, access to capital or use of technology. It is therefore logical to suggest that, attention needs to be paid to the nature of this resource and its management as this will impact on human resource behavior and performance and consequently the performance of the organization. Indeed Boxall and Steeneveld (1999) argue that there is no need to prove the relationship between firm critical influence on performance and labour management as it is self evident that the quality of human resource management is a critical influence on the performance of the firm. Concern for strategic integration, commitment flexibility and quality, has called for attention for employees motivation and retention. Given this perception, the principal in an organization feels unable to predict an agent’s behavior in any given situation and so brings into play various measures to do with incentives in other to tie employee’s needs to those of their organization. Thus getting employee’s identification with respect to the organization, and thus increasing their commitment level. As an approach to mediate the employment contract, elements of human resource strategy (especially those to do with rewards and retention) can offer a way of ensuring an efficient transaction process that enables both parties to get committed towards the fulfillment of each other needs. The fundamental problem, dealt with is what drives or induces people to exploit their potential resources in the way they do in organizations? The issue of motivation and performance are they positively related? By focusing on the financial aspect of motivation problem like bonus system, allowances perks, salaries, etc. By paying attention to the financial aspect of motivation, I intend to probe in to the role this aspect has on enhancing employee’s performance. I believe, financial motivation has become the most concern in today’s organization, and tying to Mallow’s basic needs, non-financial aspect only comes in when financial motivation has failed. Though in some situation, it is being operated side by side. But as a research topic for my thesis I will employ the financial aspects of motivation used by the agents of organization in enhancing their employee’s performance and the extent to which non-financial aspects of motivation turn to enhance employee’s performance. To evaluate the methods of performance motivation in organization in organizing some motivational factors like satisfies and dissatisfies will be used to evaluate how employees motivation is enhanced other than financial aspects of motivation. Problem Statements As a research question, the research seeks to answer what role motivation plays in enhancing performance in organization. This will be possible through analysis of information gathered from students. Hence this thesis is mainly quantitative. * Objectives In trying to find an answer(s) to the research question and on the basis of the above background discussion and research question, the main purposes developed for this thesis is to assess the factors t hat motivate employees to perform best at work. This is done by carrying out a survey in which respondents responding to a survey, ranked the least two most important factor on a list of ten factors, and how these factors influence them. * Limitations and Demarcations The limitation is being considered in relation to the natural explanation to which the researcher has limited the study and the active choices to limit the study area that is financial motivation as a determinant of performance. The study is limited to existing theories and models, and their influence and limitation on performance enhancement. By considering the financial and non-financial aspect of motivation on employees’ performance relating to existing theories and models, I intend to mark a demarcation for the study. Here I have considered limitation in line with the research objective that is the study is limited. I believe that with the changing nature of the work force, recent trends in development, information and technology, the issue of financial motivation becomes consent on one of the most important assets in an organization. A lot has been said on the outside forces of an organization. This research considers the inside forces as a starting point. Ideally, a study of all the explanatory variables will be considered appropriate in order to capture the interactive influences of other variables and thus be able to come up with holistic and generally more acceptable results, of financial motivation and performance. * Definitions Motivation: Motivation by definition refers to what activates, directs human behavior and how this behavior is sustained to achieve a particular goal. Also it can be defined as the set of processes that arouse, direct and maintain human behavior towards attaining some goals. Jones (1955) argues that† Motivation is concerned with how behavior gets started, is energized, is sustained, is directed, and is stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present in the organization while all this is going on. † Role of financial motivation: The potential role of money is – (1) Conditioned reinforce (2) An incentive which is capable of satisfying needs (3) An anxiety reducer (4) Serves to erase feelings of dissatisfaction Employee satisfaction: This refers to the positive or negative aspects of employee’s altitude towards their jobs or some features of the job. Organizational Goals: A concept, which refers to the focus of attention and decision-making among employees of a sub-unit. Organizing: This involves the complete understanding of the goals of organization, the necessity of proper co-ordination, and the environmental factors that influence the goals and employees within the organization. Employee attitudes: Mental state of readiness for motive arousal.

Addiction Definition Essay

Teens all across the world are facing addiction; they are becoming addicted to drugs and alcohol. It’s happening right under our noses whether they are getting it from their house, grocery stores & pharmacies, even at schools and parties. Teen addiction comes with a lot of consequences anywhere from jail time to even death. It is important to watch for signs such as blood shot eyes, knowing how to prevent it from happening in your teens life, find out all the treatment plans for you teen if it comes down to it. There are a number of resource’s out there to help you with talking to your teen. â€Å"People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem, such as stress, anxiety, or depression.† (Robinson, Lawrence, Smith, Melinda, M.A., Saisan, Joanna, M.S.W., 2013, Drug Abuse & Addiction,). Teens start abusing drugs and/or getting addicted to drugs in stressful situations such as moving to a different city or state, changing schools, parents getting divorced, as well as being abused physically, mentally, sexually, emotionally. As well as hanging out with the wrong crowd can make your teen get into addiction with drugs and alcohol. Situations like this can make teens start to experiment with drugs and alcohol. The most common signs of drug addiction in teens is they always have bloodshot eyes, using eye drops to mask what’s really going on with them. One of the biggest signs is probably missing class; grades are starting to go down, & getting into trouble at school. Money and valuables missing from the house; some other signs can be signs of addiction are not acting like themselves or behaving rather weird. Loss of interest in things they once loved such as hobbies, being with friends and families, school. How can you prevent addiction or drug use in a teen? Speaking with your teen about the addiction to drugs and how it can affect them in the future may prolong the use of it. Sometimes that’s not always enough for some teens! â€Å"That’s why delaying the age of first use of alcohol and a drug is a critical goal of prevention. However, other protective factors, especially proactive parenting and strong family bonds, can help delay adolescents’ experimentation with drugs and alcohol and thus help reduce long-term problems.† (Author Unknown, Preventing adolescent substance abuse). Having a strong family bond with your children, always be in their life as much as possible can prevent them from touching that first drink or smoke that first blunt. Preventing teen addiction should be from different sources just not from parents or family, but schools should have something every year that explains the risks and dangers of addictions. My dad started using drugs when he was a teenager got addicted to coke and then he met my mom stopped using for a while. Then all of a sudden he’d take me and my sister to his drug house to get high off of whatever was there that day, I seen how messed up it made my family and how badly it hurt my mom to find out that my sister and I were being exposed to drugs at this drug house. My dad’s addiction tore my family apart because shortly after this my parents got a divorced and then on November 28 1998 he passed away from a brain aneurysm due to the long term drug use. I had to beat the stereotype that since my dad was a drug addict that I would be one too. I stayed focused on graduating on time, spent time with my family and friends that were good for me, as well as be being aware of what my dad went through and how he passed away too early. â€Å"The most important thing that can be done for teenagers who have an addiction problem is to ensure that they are able to get treatment for their problems, and getting the right treatment that will help them overcome their addiction. Although many of the options that are used for treating addiction among adults can be successful in treating teenagers, there are a number of additional things that will be of great help to teenagers trying to overcome their addictions.† (Author Unknown, Treatment options for Teenage Addicts, 2009-2013,) There are so many treatment centers and â€Å"cures† for any kind of addiction, but what one is the right one for you and your family? Is it to put your teen into rehab to get over their addiction or is it to just let them sit in jail and detox from whatever job they are on that’s just if they get caught. Or would you rather find out that your child is dead because of a drug over dose? Drug treatment programs could help for many reasons they provide general therapy, awareness, and education on getting treated for addiction. Counseling sits the addicted person down and makes them realize what they dealing with as far as drugs. There are also many drugs that doctors say â€Å"help with addiction† but I don’t know how true that is for a teenager that’s dealing with addiction. There are so many different types of treatment for addictions those were just to name a few. If your teen is suffering from addiction get them help fast from any of the above treatments. Teens all across the world are dealing with this deadly thing called addiction whether it’s from drugs or alcohol to even social media addiction to sex. There are ways to see if your teen has signs of addiction by their attitude, to their lack of attendance in school, to their bloodshot eyes. There are so many types of preventions for your teen, having a strong family bond, to being active in your teen’s life (even though it can be hard at times when it comes to teens and their parents). If your teen is suffering from addiction and you’d like to get them help there are drug treatment programs, counseling, medications, self-help groups, rehab, and possibly jail time if caught. Teens shouldn’t have to go through this alone. Reference page Preventing Adolescent Substance Abuse (2013) http://www.hazelden.org/web/public/substance_abuse_prevention.page Robinson, Lawrence, Saisan, Joanna, M.S.W., Smith, Melinda, M.A (2013). Drugs Abuse & Addiction, http://www.helpguide.org/mental/drug_substance_abuse_addiction_signs_effects_treatments.htm#top Treatment Options for Teenage Addiction, (2009-2013), http://www.troubledteensparenting.com/treatment-options-for-teenage-addicts.php