School Girls essays

School Girls essays In the book School Girls by Peggy Orenstein, the focus is on young adolescent girls in middle school, and the effects that the Hidden Curriculum and other elements have on their self esteem. Hidden Curriculum teaches girls to value silence and compliance. (pg.35) The hidden curriculum is a theory that boys often get more attention than girls in the classroom, and that even if it is negative attention, the girls learn that they are not as important, and they eventually give up hope, and stop speaking out in class. Educators reward assertiveness and aggression over docility, the very behavior that is prized in girls becomes and obstacle to their success.(p.36) This means that while girls are acting the way a teacher would like them to, the boys that are more aggressive get the attention, and the girls lose their self-esteem. Charles L. Richman found that high achieving white girls in particular are subject to unrealistic standards of success. When they fall short, they overgeneralized failures with an intense self-punitiveness; by late adolescence, their self-esteem has spiraled downward. (Pg.38) The focus of sexual harassment is a big one as well. Girls are not taught about sex and contraceptives, and therefore know nothing about their sexual selves. We consciously infuse girls with a sense of shame. (p.57) If we do not teach girls about their bodies, and teach them to be assertive, than sexual harassment will occur. As much as girls repress desire, they embrace desirability. (p.62) ...

How to Avoid Scams and Choose Safe Online GED Classes

How to Avoid Scams and Choose Safe Online GED Classes The old adage that you get what you pay for doesn’t necessarily apply to online GED certificates and online high school equivalency diplomas. There are scads of websites out there just waiting to take hundreds or even thousands of your dollars for a piece of paper with a foil star on it that no college or university is going to recognize. You will have paid your hard-earned dollars for something that’s good only for hanging on your wall or throwing in a drawer. GED Online GED is a test you can take to earn a high school equivalency diploma if you didnt take four years of high school classes. There are plenty of GED-related websites out there, but how do you know which online GED websites are trustworthy? Its actually pretty simple. Just follow these guidelines: Check out your library and state education department website to find recommended online GED prep sites. There are  real GED sites with free courses  and  practice tests  that are absolutely worth your while.  Be aware that while you may legitimately choose to pay a little extra for personal online support but you should never have to pay a prep site more than $25 a month at the absolute most.Be aware that the cost of taking the actual GED test is never more than about $150.Know that no legitimate site will offer a chance to take the actual  GED test online. Yes, there are computer-based sections of the test, but the test is ONLY offered at in-person testing sites. High School Diplomas Online There are a great many legitimate high school courses and accredited online high schools. Some of them are available to state residents free of charge, and you can learn about your local options through your states education departments website. You can also pay some accredited online schools and earn your high school diploma.There are some interested virtual schools out there that use gamified teaching tools, and some are both fun and legitimate. Its worth taking a look at whats available, but be absolutely sure your school of choice is accredited. It is important to know that websites like Kahn Academy offer terrific academic resources but do not necessarily offer actual diplomas. This means that while you might use their sites to help you learn, you will probably need to go elsewhere to earn your actually high school degree. GetEducated.com There is a website designed to help you determine which online learning sites are legitimate. GetEducated.com was founded in 1989 by Vicky Phillips, a psychologist, and educator. Her site includes a Diploma Mill Police page that allows you to check on any online institution you’re thinking about attending. Phillips also has a school finder and a page on financial help. Phillips says, â€Å"Don’t get ripped off. Get educated!† The Most Important Guideline to Remember Its important to realize that while you can study online for your GED/HSE, and take practice tests online, you cannot take the test online. Dont be scammed here. In 2014, the test was updated to computer-based, but this should not be confused with online. You still need to go to a certified testing center and take your test there, on a computer.

Current Event Report-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Event Report-1 - Essay Example In this paper an attempt has been made to identify the possible stakeholders and their interest in relation to a particular decision. For this purpose, the decision taken by Apple to reduce the negative impact of its supply chain and respond to the queries of the environmental groups have been analyzed. This is presented in the news article by Godelnik (2011) by the title â€Å"Apple Expands Stakeholder Engagement to Chinese Environmental Groups†. The interests of Apple Incorporation are to maintain the market image of the company and make profits. This is only possible by taking more social responsible decisions. Non Profit Organizations, NGOs, and environmental groups are working to make sure that all large and small organizations take necessary measures in order to reduce the hazardous waste and other negative impacts of its operations on the society and environment (Godelnik, 2011). Suppliers of Apple and factories in China where the part of Apple phones and other devices are assembled have their own business interests and are also one of the stakeholders associated with this decision. They are interested in maintaining their business relations with Apple and want to increase their profits and business. Lastly, the general public is concerned about the social environment and maintaining healthy conditions. Every stakeholders have certain impact on the overall decision, however some stakeholders have more strong influence on the decision in comparison to some less powerful stakeholders. In reference to this decision about reducing the negative implications of the supply chain of Apple on the social environment, the most strongest stakeholder are the environmental groups who are forcing Apple to improve its overall supply chain in order to reduce the negative impacts on the environment. Secondly, Apple is also forced to take this decision in order to maintain its image in the market and to retain

Marketing Communications Models and Their Application to Adidas Research Paper

Marketing Communications Models and Their Application to Adidas - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Adidas Company deals with sports shoes and clothing. It is a maker and a designer of sports ware. The company has its headquarters in Germany.   The company’s acquisition of Reebok was fundamental for its operations. This is because the acquisition gave the company a competitive advantage. The company managed to acquire a considerable market share. The company is responsible for the sale of products used in a variety of sporting activities including cricket, basketball, football and other activities. The products offered by the corporation are availed in all countries of the globe. The company employs strategic marketing, with an objective of improving the brand strength, acquiring a competitive advantage and raising its performance in terms of finances. The subsidiaries in other countries receive management information from the headquarters in Germany. Statistics on sports apparel usage indicate a possibility of an increase i n sports equipment market value. From 2008 to present, the market value has been rising, an implication that Adidas can benefit from the market growth by attracting customers through appropriate marketing plans. Situation analysis involves the analysis of the company by considering political, economic, social and technological factors. The analysis takes into account both the strengths plus weaknesses of Adidas. One of the current strengths of the company is the political stability that exists in the United Kingdom. This enables the company to performs well as the political environment plays a significant role in business operations. Political challenges that Adidas might face is the influence of regime policies on the purchase of goods. The company is subject to both the challenges and strengths that relate its economic environment. The company has already established a strong economic base thus; it is possible to maintain its status through adequate strategic management. Adidas en counters challenges in cases of unstable interest rates likely to result in inflation. The company benefits from the high population that exists in towns.

Why a BSN is the future over ADN Essay Example for Free

Why a BSN is the future over ADN Essay Associate -Degree Versus the Baccalaureate degree level in nursing My theory is that the more education a nurse has the better he/she can be at their job of taking care of patient as a whole and on a complex level. To obtain a Nursing Degree one can start at the LVN or go all the way to a PHD in nursing. This paper will focus on the abilities or competencies of a prepared Associate Degree nurse, and the abilities or competencies of a Baccalaureate Degree Nurse. This is a hot topic now and has been for many years. I have been hearing for many years that ADN will be phased out, and only BSN will be used in the future. The time period in which to mandate this event is governed differently by the state where the nurse works. There are catchy phrases out there like BNS in 10, or BSN by 2020. â€Å"As of 2010, at least 18 states, including New York, New Jersey, were considering BSN in 10 legislation.† (nursing link 2011, 07.) The first step is to define nursing. â€Å"Nursing is the knowledge based discipline, which focuses on the wholeness of human being.† The ADN nurse and BSN take a different approach in teaching their students. They both take the same state mandated NCLEX, but have a different time of training. â€Å"The Associated Degree takes a shorter path of two years where the BSN takes a longer with 4 years of education to complete the degree.† Now to break this down and let you know the difference of a 2 and 4 year nursing program. The Associate trained nurse is more task oriented, while the BSN is based on theory and research. I having a diploma hospital based program spent 4 or more days in the hospital setting, but my wife has her BSN and she tells me she usually only spent 1 or 1.5 days at the hospital. I see this now also, where I work we see the Associate nurses more than the BSN students. The clinical experience is only part of what a BSN is exposed to. â€Å"You will receive crucial training in key areas like communication, leadership and critical thinking enhanced knowledge that will become ever more valuable in the complex and changing future of health care  delivery.†(NY Times 2012,06). In short a nurse that takes the extra time of going to a BSN is better educated to take care of their patient’s special and unique needs. Can provide a higher level of care and uses the tool of critical thinking as part of their treatment process. The arguments of BSN over Associate diploma will be supported with the following examples. The Association of College of Nursing provided examples and has linked it to better outcomes for patients, and is pressing for a higher educated nursing force. â€Å"In the October issue of medical Care, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had 14% lower odds of inpatient death within 30 days and 12 % lower odds of failure to-rescue comp ared with patients cared for in non- Magnet Hospitals.† (aacn. 2012.10).This research is reflective of Magnet hospitals have a higher proportion of BSN. The push for higher education in nursing work force had shown to be beneficial. In its October 2010 report The Future of Nursing, the Institute of Medicine states â€Å" and increase in the percentage of nurses with a BSN is imperative as the scope of what the public needs from nurses grows, expectation of surrounding quality heighten, and settings where nurses are needed proliferates and become more complex.† Institute of Medicine 2010). This means that the population is getting sicker, living longer, becoming more complex to treat, and are in need of higher educated nurses. Knowledge of basic nursing skill in is not enough to get by on you need a higher level of education. â€Å"According to the IOM Institute of Medicine, core competencies for today’s nurse include : Leadership, Healthy policy, System improvement, Research and evidence-based practice, Teamwork and collaboration, Competency in specific content areas such as community and public health and geriatrics, and Technological knowledge.† (nursing link 2011, 07.) This means that nur sing educational need are an ongoing process to meet the special needs of our complex, elderly, and sick patients. An advantage that a BSN will have over an Associate nurse is job opportunity. In the world of professional nursing BSN are chosen before, and is some case required to be in management position. Also it opens the door for further education such as but not limited to Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesia, Nurse Practitioner, and the list goes on, but these are my hot buttons. To conclude this paper it is imperative to pursue a BSN degree. It helps provide a higher level of care  to the population needs. Patient outcome has been proven to be improved. At some point a BSN is probably going to be mandated any way. The information here strongly supports the need for a BSN education. The oppurinity is out there. However one pursues a higher education on line, or in the classroom lets up the bar to give our population the highest level of care they deserve. References Fink, J. (2011, 07 11). 6 reasons to get a BSN. Retrieved from nursinglink.monster.com/education/articles/3542-6-reasons-to-get-a-bsn?print+=true. Marybabu. (2012, 02). Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing. Retrieved from studymode.com/essays/Bsn-Vs-Associate-Degree-In-Nursing . Medicine, I. o. (2010). The Future of Nursing. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. PÉREZ-PEÑA, R. (2012, 06 23). Why a BSN? The New York Times, pp. 1-2. Rosseter, R. (2012, 10 24). American Association of nursing Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. Retrieved from www.accn.nche.edu/media-relation/facts-sheets/nursing-workforce. Smoothieshah. (2012, 08 30). Difference between adn and bsn nurses. Retrieved from studymode.com/essy/Differences-between-adn-and-bsn.

Martin Luther King Jr. :: essays research papers fc

The Most Influential Person of the 21st century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Civil Rights Movement is one of the most important events of the history of the United States. Although many people contributed to this movement, Martin Luther King, Jr., is widely regarded as the leader of the movement for racial equality. Growing up in the Deep South, King saw the injustices of segregation first hand. King’s studies of Mahatma Ghandi teachings influenced his views on effective ways of protesting and achieving equality. Martin Luther King’s view on nonviolence and equality and his enormous effect on the citizens of America makes him the most influential person of the twentieth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King can be considered influential in his preaching of nonviolent protest during the civil rights movement. King quickly realized that there were two alternatives in the struggle against “the forces of injustice'; (Ansbro, 233): violence or nonviolence. He decided against violence for obvious reasons. During this time in America, the African American community represented only ten percent of the total population. King felt that this made it impossible for African Americans who lack access to weapons to successfully wage a violent revolution against the white majority. Any attacks by the civil rights workers or their followers would surely result in counter attacks by the segregationists, resulting in the injury and deaths of many of King’s followers. With these points in mind, King came to the conclusion that the best strategy in gaining the rights of African American was the use of non-violent protest. He believed that violence only “intensifies evil,'; (Ansbro, 231) instead of promoting love and violence among all races. King’s purpose in promoting nonviolence direct action was to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiations. He felt that practicing nonviolence would portray his followers as moral beings while making apparent the brutality of the segregationists. King’s preaching of nonviolence was monumental in succeeding in demonstrations such as the Montgomery bus boycott and the desegregation of public schools. King’s reaching of nonviolent direct action furthers the arguments that King is the most influential person of the twentieth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only did King feel it was necessary to preach nonviolence in order to achieve equality among all Americans, he also felt it was important for his message to appeal to all people regardless of race. Despite of the injustice being inflicted upon them by the segregationists, King felt it was important for African Americans to love and respect people of all races.

Literature Local and Foriegn Essay

The story is told in flashbacks as Emilio Aguinaldo thanks the US government for giving him the opportunity to attend the full restoration of Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. The film begins with his capture by Philippine and US forces under Frederick Funston’s command in 1901, then flashes back to 1886, when an old woman gives Aguinaldo and childhood friend Candido Tirona cryptic prophecies. Ten years later, Aguinaldo is inducted into the Katipunan and later assumes leadership of its Cavite chapter while becoming mayor of Cavite El Viejo. When trouble breaks out in Manila in late August 1896, Aguinaldo tries to assure the Spanish provincial government of non-interference and covertly marshals his forces despite a lack of weapons. Learning that the Spanish mostly put their forces in Manila, Aguinaldo finally mobilizes his troops and take the fight to Spanish troops in Cavite. As the rebels gain ground in Cavite and several provinces, its Magdalo and Magdiwang factions convene to elect a provisional government. Andres Bonifacio oversees the Tejeros Convention, which elects Aguinaldo as president, Mariano Trias as vice-president, and himself as interior minister. He storms out of the convention when Daniel Tirona objects to his election. Aguinaldo’s brother Crispulo informs him of his accession and convinces him to leave his troops just as he was seeking to defend against the Spaniards at Pasong Santol. The rebels are defeated and Crispulo is killed. Meanwhile, an embittered Bonifacio establishes his own revolutionary government and is later arrested. Aguinaldo is concerned about Bonifacio’s actions and wanted him exiled, but the War Council advises his execution. Several months later, Aguinaldo leaves Cavite with most of his forces intact and makes it to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan, where he signs the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and heads for Hong Kong. There he meets with US officials who approach him with offers of support and recognition of a new Philippine Republic amidst the Spanish-American War. Aguinaldo returns to the Philippines and formally declares independence from Spain. As the Malolos Congress convenes, Felipe Agoncillo tries to represent the new nation at the Treaty of Paris negotiations, but gets stonewalled at every turn even as US forces gradually arrive in the Philippines. The Philippine-American War breaks out in February 1899 and Antonio Luna is appointed commander of all Filipino troops. He is assassinated three months later and the Filipino troops are gradually routed by the Americans. As a result, Aguinaldo’s forces travel all over northern Luzon to escape the Americans. General Gregorio del Pilar volunteers to lead some troops in holding them off at Tirad Pass and buy Aguinaldo time to get away. His loyal courier is later captured by the Americans while getting some medicine for his son. Now aware of Aguinaldo’s hideout, Funston plans his capture. Having been made to accept US rule over the Philippines, Aguinaldo lives a quiet life, which is marred by Hilaria’s passing in 1921. He meets and marries Felipe Agoncillo’s niece Maria in 1930. Over the next few decades, the couple witness Philippine history unfold once more as he is defeated in the 1935 presidential elections, Japanese occupation and the restoration of full independence. In 1962, an elderly Aguinaldo and his wife comfort each other over President Diosdado Macapagal’s decree to restore the actual date of the Philippine declaration of independence. In his final hours, the same woman who gave him his prophecy appears to him one more time. The movie is partly based on Aguinaldo’s Memoirs of the Revolution. Writer-director Mark Meily states that the project had its genesis back in 1998. Over the intervening years, careful research was made in order to accurately portray Aguinaldo’s life, especially facts that have been glossed over in history books. These include his conduct over the trial of the Bonifacio brothers and his other actions during the Revolution. Meily himself was brought into the project as director after Ejercito pledged never to work with original director Tikoy Aguiluz because of their rift over editing Manila Kingpin. Shooting took place over 43 days at select locations in Cavite, Laguna, and Bulacan, with the Las Casas Filipinas de Azucar in Bataan substituting for urban scenes. Critical reception The movie garnered mixed reviews. The Philippines’ Cinema Evaluation Board graded the film at A. [5] Phillip Cu-Unjieng of the Philippine Star said it â€Å"vividly recaptures† one of the Philippines’ most turbulent periods in history by exposing the infighting among the Katipunan’s members and how Aguinaldo wanted to resolve them. He noted that the film’s quality makes it almost stand out as much as Richard Attenborough’s Gandhi, Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln, and Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator. [6] Philibert Ortiz-Dy said making the film was tricky, but dragged towards the end. [7] The movie garnered most of the awards at the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, winning the plums for Second Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Cesar Montano), Youth Choice Award, Best Float, Best Sound, Best Musical Score, and Best Make-up.[8] Columnist and radio show host Jessica Zafra, however, was critical of the movie’s treatment. She said the depiction of Bonifacio’s death raised questions about its authenticity. She added that the film itself â€Å"does Emilio Aguinaldo a disservice by portraying him as a victim of circumstance† and even highlighted the â€Å"amnesia† prevalent among contemporary Filipinos.

Individual players Essay

The purpose of this assignment is to investigate whether or not team cohesion has an impact on an individual players performance within a rugby team. The assignment will look into whether (if there is a impact at all) the impact is negative or positive, and how that relates to the different types of players in different ways. The research will look into the methods of increasing or decreasing cohesion within a rugby team e.g. nights on the town. Group dynamics is an interactive process and is concerned with changing patterns of tension, with conflict, adjustments and the building of cohesion within a group. The way a group is affected by dynamics helps determine the way in which leadership and dominant sub group patterns emerge. Therefore this influences players behavioural patterns and how attitudes are altered in the short and long term. These changes can be temporary or permanent. An example of this, relating to rugby, would be the emergence of a captain, vice captain, the first team players and the substitutes. A players status in the team is a major factor in there powers of influence but the character of a player is also very important. A player who does not attend regularly and has no status can have a major influence on the team, this depends on the players ability to impose there ideas, experience, and skill on the team. Shaw described a group as:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦.two or more people interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other person.†Ã‚  Woods said that one of the defining features of a group is that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦.Its members having common beliefs, usually unspoken, about what is acceptable and unacceptable, how things are done†¦.†Ã‚  In sport groups are usually seen in the form of a team. There are many different types of teams within the game of rugby, such as, the playing team, the coaching team, and the management team. There are a team of supporters in the form of the crowd. Cohesion is a term closely associated with group dynamics and is a two way process, it can be defined as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The degree in which members of the group desire to remain in the group†(internet 2  Or  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦individuals attracted to a group through common motivation and value the relationships within a group†(Galligan).   In the case of a rugby team the common goal would be to win matches, or at a lower level simply to participate in the game. The English national team now has a common. Goal of trying to win the world cup, my research would indicate that the national team is very cohesive and do value the relationships within the group. There success in recent years would be proof of this, as a very high cohesion relates to successful results. â€Å"One is always hearing about how important it is for a team to gel, bond or have good chemistry. Cohesive teams can achieve dramatic and awesome things. The way players interact has a tremendous impact on the way a team performs.†(Internet 1)  How well England do in the world cup will be a good indication to whether success is related to cohesion.

El muro de Trump y su impacto ambiental

El muro de Trump y su impacto ambiental La construccià ³n de un muro a lo largo de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico es una de las medidas ms controversiales propuestas por el Presidente Donald Trump. Este artà ­culo cubre informacià ³n sobre la valla que separa los dos paà ­ses, argumentos a favor y en contra de la construccià ³n del muro, en quà © consiste la Declaracià ³n de Emergencia Nacional declarada por el presidente Trump el 15 de febrero de 2019 y el impacto medioambiental que causarà ­a su construccià ³n. Puntos clave: el muro de Trump Extensià ³n de la frontera entre EE.UU. y Mà ©xico: 3.144 km (1.954 millas).Declaracià ³n Nacional de Emergencia: de dà ³nde proceden los 8.000 mil millones para su construccià ³n.Argumentos a favor: frenarà ­a migracià ³n indocumentada, drogas y posible infiltracià ³n de terroristas.Argumentos en contra: no resuelve presencia de 11 millones de indocumentados ni llegadas legales seguidas de permanencias ilegales; no afectarà ­a caminos de entrada de las drogas; alto costo e impacto a vida salvaje.Impacto medioambiental: el muro romperà ­a hbitats naturales de ms de 1.000 animales silvestres, incluyendo a 100 especies en peligro de extincià ³n. Cruzarà ­a por reservas de la biosfera, reservas naturales, santuarios de animales y parques nacionales. La frontera entre EE.UU. y Mà ©xico La frontera que separa Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico se alarga por 3.144,6 kilà ³metros (1.954 millas) desde el Golfo de Mà ©xico hasta el Pacà ­fico. En la actualidad, existe un valla de separacià ³n en 1.100 km (700 millas), la mayorà ­a se construyà ³ bajo la direccià ³n del Presidente George W. Bush como respuesta a los atentados terroristas del 11 de Septiembre del 2001. El precio de su construccià ³n fue de $2 mil millones. Por su alto costo se decidià ³ no extenderla toda la frontera. Su mantenimiento cuesta $500 millones anualmente. Adems de la valla, la frontera est protegida por la Policà ­a Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Esta agencia –la cual cuenta con 20.000 agentes y un presupuesto anual de $3 mil millones- vigila la frontera a pie, a caballo, en auto y en embarcaciones con el apoyo de tecnologà ­a inteligente, como drones, cmaras, sensores y el establecimiento de retenes y controles migratorios. En el aà ±o fiscal 2018, segà ºn estadà ­sticas de la CBP, el nà ºmero de arrestados en la frontera sur tras cruzar ilegalmente el paà ­s ascendià ³ a 396.579 migrantes. A todos ellos se les aplicà ³ la polà ­tica de tolerancia cero. Argumentos a favor y en contra del muro de Trump Los defensores de la construccià ³n del muro argumentan tres razones principales. En primer lugar, frenarà ­a el ingreso de migrantes indocumentados. En la actualidad se estima que hay en el paà ­s 11 millones de migrantes sin papeles. En segundo lugar, se argumenta que si la frontera no est blindada existe un riesgo de infiltracià ³n de terroristas. Y, en tercer lugar, se afirma que la valla no es obstculo para el ingreso de drogas, lo que agravarà ­a el problema de adiccià ³n que existe en EE.UU. Segà ºn datos de los Centros de Control de Enfermedades y Prevencià ³n, ms de 33.000 estadounidenses mueren anualmente por sobredosis de opiceos. Desde otra perspectiva, se argumenta en contra del muro que este no frenarà ­a la migracià ³n indocumentada porque, por un lado, no resuelve el problema de la presencia en el paà ­s de 11 millones de migrantes y, por otro, porque la mitad de los indocumentados ingresan al paà ­s legalmente y no atravesando ilegalmente la frontera. En segundo lugar, se argumenta que no hay casos para apoyar la tesis de que los terroristas pueden ingresar ilegalmente a travà ©s de Mà ©xico. En tercer lugar, se esgrime que aproximadamente 15.000 personas de las fallecidas anualmente por consumo de opiceos tomaron medicinas que se obtienen en EE.UU. con receta. Adems, las drogas que ingresan de Mà ©xico hacia EE.UU. lo hacen por tà ºneles, en drones, compartimentos ocultos en buses o autos, o en camiones. Por lo tanto, el muro no afectarà ­a a ninguno de esos modos de transporte. Por à ºltimo, se esgrime en contra de la construccià ³n del muro su alto costo y su impacto ecolà ³gico. Costo de la construccià ³n del muro de Trump No hay consenso sobre cunto costarà ­a construir un muro que blindase los ms de 3.000 km de frontera entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico. Por un lado, el propio Presidente Trump estima que el precio del muro podrà ­a estar entre los $8 y $12 mil millones de dà ³lares. En el otro extremo del espectro se encuentran organizaciones como New America Foundation que estima el costo entre $27 y $40 millones. Por otro lado, la agencia de noticias Reuters tuvo acceso a un estudio de la Oficina de Contabilidad del Gobierno (GAO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) en el cual estima que el muro costarà ­a $21,6 mil millones. El baile de cifras se debe, entre otros factores, a que se desconoce cul de las propuestas de muro se construirà ­a y, por lo tanto, sus caracterà ­sticas y materiales. En los ocho prototipos el material varà ­a de concreto a acero y la altura de 18 a 30 pies (5,5 a 9,1 metros). Declaracià ³n Nacional de Emergencia  ¿cul es el costo y quià ©n paga por el muro de Trump? Segà ºn la declaracià ³n de emergencia nacional del presidente Trump anunciada con fecha del 15 de febrero de 2019, podrà ­an obtenerse un mximo de $8 mil millones (8 billones) para la construccià ³n del muro. Un total de 1.375 millones de dà ³lares procederà ­an de un presupuesto autorizado por el Congreso de los Estados Unidos. La diferencia procederà ­a de fondos del Departamento del Tesoro de confiscaciones de drogas (600 millones de dà ³lares), fondos que habà ­an sido destinados a actividades del Departamento de Defensa en proyectos de lucha antidrogas y otros programas (2.500 millones de dà ³lares) y fondos destinados a proyectos de construccià ³n del Ejà ©rcito (3.600 millones de dà ³lares). Estas cantidades serà ­an suficientes para construir un muro a lo largo de toda la frontera. Segà ºn informacià ³n del gobierno, no todo el muro serà ­a de concreto sino que habrà ­a zonas de vallas metlicas. Impacto medioambiental del muro de Trump La construccià ³n de un muro por ms de 3.000 kilà ³metros tendrà ­a importantes efectos medioambientales. Una de las razones principales es una sentencia dictada en corte federal en febrero de 2018 que permite, por razones de seguridad nacional, la construccià ³n del muro fronterizo sin necesidad de respetar los preceptos de las siguientes legislaciones: Ley de Agua Potable Segura, Ley de Especies en Peligro de Extincià ³n, Ley de Agua Limpia, Ley de Aire Limpio, Ley de Eliminacià ³n de Desechos y Ley de Proteccià ³n de Tumbas Nativas Americanas y Repatriacià ³n. Ms de 2.500 cientà ­ficos estadounidenses, mexicanos y del resto del mundo, han hecho un llamado de atencià ³n sobre el impacto medioambiental del muro en un artà ­culo publicado en la revista cientà ­fica BioScience. Su opinià ³n es compartida por grupos medioambientalistas como Sierra Club. Esos expertos argumentan que el muro interrumpir los patrones de migraciones de animales, imposibilitando o limitando el acceso a sus lugares habituales de comida, bebida, apareamiento y nacimiento. En otras palabras, el muro supondrà ­a una fragmentacià ³n del hbitat animal y, posiblemente, limitarà ­a su diversidad genà ©tica. Segà ºn el Instituto de Ecologà ­a de la UNAM, ms de 800 especies se verà ­an afectadas, incluyendo al ocelote, bisonte, lobo gris mexicano, borrego cimarrà ³n, jaguar, tortuga del desierto, rana leopardo, oso negro, antà ­lope berrendo, ciervo mula, perros de la pradera, gato montà ©s, leà ³n de la montaà ±a y colibrà ­. Todo ello conducirà ­a a la reduccià ³n drstica de animales del suroeste estadounidense, de los cuales 100 ya se encuentran en peligro de extincià ³n actualmente, segà ºn datos de la Agencia de Vida Salvaje y Peces de los Estados Unidos. El muro incluso podrà ­a suponer la destruccià ³n del santuario de mariposas de mayor diversidad ubicada en Missions, Texas, y afectar negativamente, entre otros, al Refugio Nacional de la Vida Silvestre del Valle Bajo del Rà ­o Grande, al Parque Estatal Rà ­o Grande - Bentsen y los centros de la biosfera de Rancho Los Fresnos (Sonora) y Santa Ana (Texas). Este à ºltimo est ubicado en el valle del Rà ­o Grande, una de las reas con mayor diversidad ecolà ³gica en toda Norteamà ©rica. Adems, debido a la altura propuesta, el muro entre 18 y 30 pies tambià ©n afectarà ­a el movimiento de pjaros tropicales que vuelan por esas rutas en sus migraciones estacionales y de insectos. Esto tambià ©n tendrà ­a consecuencias negativas para las plantas que dependen en gran medida del movimiento de insectos y pjaros para la polinizacià ³n. Asimismo, activistas medioambientales a ambos lados de la frontera han mostrado su preocupacià ³n por la posibilidad de que el muro pueda actuar como un embalse en momentos de inundaciones, pudiendo causar una tragedia humana. Tambià ©n han puesto de manifiesto el riesgo de alterar con las obras del muro el nivel de los acuà ­feros y provocar desabastecimiento de agua. En este contexto, varias organizaciones han acudido a las cortes para intentar frenar o evitar los peores impactos ambientales que derivarà ­an de la construccià ³n del muro. Por ejemplo, el Center for Biological Diversity, en conjuncià ³n con Animal Legal Defense Fund, ha presentado en noviembre de 2018 una demanda buscando declarar inconstitucional el permiso concedido al gobierno por una corte para construir el muro sin respetar las leyes medioambientales. Esta estrategia ha sido utilizada sin à ©xito hasta el momento por otras organizaciones ecologistas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Phonetic Letters in the NATO Alphabet

Phonetic Letters in the NATO Alphabet Mens lives, even the fate of a battle, may depend on a signalers message, on a signalers pronunciation of a single word, even of a single letter.(Edward Fraser and John Gibbons, Soldier and Sailor Words and Phrases, 1925) The NATO phonetic alphabet is a spelling alphabet- a standard set of 26 words for letter names- used by airline pilots, police, the military, and other officials when communicating over radio or telephone. The purpose of the phonetic alphabet is to ensure that letters are clearly understood even when speech is distorted. More formally known as the  International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet  (also called the ICAO phonetic or spelling alphabet),  the NATO phonetic alphabet was developed in the 1950s as part of the International Code of Signals (INTERCO), which originally included visual and sound signals. Here are the phonetic letters in the NATO alphabet:Alfa (or Alpha)BravoCharlieDeltaEchoFoxtrotGolfHotelIndiaJuliet (or Juliett)KiloLimaMikeNovemberOscarPapaQuebecRomeoSierraTangoUniformVictorWhiskeyX-rayYankeeZulu How the Nato Phonetic Alphabet Is Used As an example, an air traffic controller using the NATO Phonetic Alphabet would say Kilo Lima Mike to represent the letters KLM.The phonetic alphabet has been around for a long time, but has not always been the same, says Thomas J. Cutler. In the U.S., the International Code of Signals was adopted in 1897 and updated in 1927, but it wasnt until 1938 that all the letters in the alphabet were assigned a word. Back in the days of World War II, the phonetic alphabet began with the letters Able, Baker, Charlie,  K  was King, and  S  was Sugar. After the war, when the NATO alliance was formed, the phonetic alphabet was changed to make it easier for the people who speak the different languages found in the alliance. That version has remained the same, and today the phonetic alphabet begins with Alfa, Bravo, Charlie,  K  is now Kilo, and  S  is Sierra.(The Bluejackets Manual. Naval Institute Press, 2002) Today the NATO Phonetic Alphabet is widely used throughout North America and Europe. Note that the NATO phonetic alphabet is not  phonetic in the sense that linguists use the term. Likewise, its not related to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which is used in linguistics to represent the precise pronunciation of individual words.

Near Failure at Nagasaki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Near Failure at Nagasaki - Essay Example The same problem is observed relating to Sweeney’s relation to flight engineer Kuharek such that when the latter firstly identified the lack of proper fuel in the tanks, Sweeney declined from communicating with Kuharek and moved over to Tibbets for gaining advice. Sweeney also reflected lack of self-confidence that is a significant necessity for a leader to govern combat operations. Firstly owing to his lack of proper knowledge of the combat he was highly dependent on the knowledge and expertise of Ashworth such that the latter exerted significant influence on him. Sweeney’s lack of self confidence owing to his limited knowledge again required Ashworth to help him identify and reach the target. Sweeney also lacked self-confidence in dropping the bomb effectively on the target for which he aptly depended on Beahan, the bombardier incorporated in the flight operations. Similarly other non-leadership qualities are also evident relating to Sweeney in which it is found that how Sweeney shifted the responsibility for the Nagasaki Mission’s fault to the shoulder of Hopkins. ... ation to be rendered to Hopkins regarding the position of the instrument aircraft which in turn deferred the operations much and made things complicated. Thirdly owing to the extra time spent by Sweeney further deferred his operations in being able to find the effective target of Kokura. This only required Sweeney to counter shift in his original plans. Thirdly inability of Sweeney to find both the effective and alternative targets and his dependency on Ashworth delayed the operations much creating threat of excess consumption of fuel. Fourthly owing to the incapability of taking decisions in a fast and timely fashion and dependence on his followers made Sweeney counter excess time loss in dropping the bomb over the target effectively. He shifted between dependency on the radar or on visual sighting to drop the bomb. Fifthly, Sweeney acted on a strange note on going on continuously circling above the target, Kokura when it was clear to be bombed that further deferred the operations. Evaluation made later on reflects that Sweeney had lost around one and a half hours in his failure to take decisions on time leading only to circling over the target a number of times. This failure to calculate the time required for the operation to be completed made Sweeney suffer from the threat of loss of required fuel to charge for the alternate targets. This continuous and unused circling over the rendezvous point made Sweeney also counter the threat of proper landing. The time being spent in an unused fashion thus triggered the need for Sweeney to prepare for a harsh landing than preparing for a crash landing. Sweeney’s failure to take decisions in a timely fashion also made him fail in catching sight of the instrument-carrying carrier. His failure to catch up with the